集团中的世界:利奥·阿默里、大英帝国和地区主义的反国际主义,1903-1947

IF 1.7 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Liane Hewitt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1918年,一个新的自由主义国际秩序诞生了。许多国家拒绝以国际联盟为代表的这一制度和恢复自由贸易的企图。批评者中有一群欧洲的“地方主义者”,他们设想一个由联邦超级国家组成的世界。他们担心,地缘政治霸权将很快属于领土毗邻的超级大国,如美国和苏联。如果史学关注的是两次世界大战之间各种各样的国际主义,那么它就低估了这种地区主义挑战的程度。本文通过对英国帝国主义者和政治家利奥波德·阿默里半个世纪的政治生涯的梳理,提出认真对待国际主义和地区主义世界秩序观之间的辩证法:从他毕生致力于围绕优惠关税组织的大英帝国经济联盟,到他对国际联盟和1945年后美国国际主义的激烈批评。美国的丰功立业表明,对自由国际秩序最重大的反抗不仅源自修正主义大国——苏联、纳粹德国、法西斯意大利和日本帝国,还源自被认为是自由国际主义中心的大英帝国。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The World in Blocs: Leo Amery, the British Empire and Regionalist Anti-internationalism, 1903–1947
Abstract A new liberal international order was born in 1918. Many rejected this regime embodied by the League of Nations and attempts to restore free trade. Among the critics were a host of European ‘regionalists’ who envisioned a world organized into federal super-states. They feared that geopolitical hegemony would soon belong to territorially contiguous super-states, such as the US and the Soviet Union. If the historiography has focused on the varieties of interwar internationalism, it has underplayed the extent of this regionalist challenge. This paper proposes to take seriously the dialectic between internationalist and regionalist visions of world order by charting the half-century political career of British imperialist and statesman Leopold Amery: from his lifelong campaign for British imperial economic union organized around preferential tariffs, through to his fervent critique of both the League and post-1945 American internationalism. Amery’s exploits demonstrate that one of the most significant revolts against the liberal international order originated not only from the revisionist powers—the USSR, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan—but also from the supposed heartland of liberal internationalism itself: the British Empire.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Journal of Global History addresses the main problems of global change over time, together with the diverse histories of globalization. It also examines counter-currents to globalization, including those that have structured other spatial units. The journal seeks to transcend the dichotomy between "the West and the rest", straddle traditional regional boundaries, relate material to cultural and political history, and overcome thematic fragmentation in historiography. The journal also acts as a forum for interdisciplinary conversations across a wide variety of social and natural sciences. Published for London School of Economics and Political Science
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