过剩人口增加?乌兹别克斯坦的土地非集体化、阶级分层与劳动不稳定

IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Franco Galdini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文将非集体化确定为所谓的“乌兹别克斯坦模式”的核心政策之一,通过该模式,独立的乌兹别克斯坦作为棉花出口国融入全球经济。因此,它质疑了占主导地位的转型文学如何将该国自1991年以来的独立历史界定为一个没有转型和转型的“悖论”。由于文献将前者理论化为私有化、自由化和宏观经济稳定的应用,因此无法解释为什么在没有这一标准改革方案的情况下,乌兹别克斯坦仍然经历了从充分就业和低移民到经济活动大规模非正规化和农村人口外流的重大转变。相反,我认为,非集体化意味着农村人口从土地上大规模征用的过程——用马克思主义的术语来说是原始积累——以便将其投入生产进行资本积累。因此,土地利用从苏联时期农村人口的集体再生产转变为独立后资本积累的租金补贴,特别是通过进口替代工业化。其结果是乌兹别克斯坦社会的阶级分层,最明显的表现是大量相对过剩的无地农民在不稳定的非正规经济中挣扎,包括日常工人和劳动力移民。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rise of the Surplus Population? Land Decollectivization, Class Stratification, and Labor Precarization in Uzbekistan
Abstract This article identifies decollectivization as one of the central policies through which the so-called “Uzbek model” mediated independent Uzbekistan's incorporation into the global economy as a cotton exporter. As such, it problematizes the way in which the dominant literature on transition framed the country's independent history since 1991 as a “paradox” of no transition and transformation. Since it theorizes the former as the application of privatization, liberalization, and macroeconomic stabilization, the literature cannot explain why, absent this standard reform package, Uzbekistan still underwent a momentous transformation from full employment and low migration to mass informalization of economic activity and rural outmigration. Instead, I contend, decollectivization entailed a process of mass expropriation of the rural population from the land—primitive accumulation in Marxian terminology—in order to put it to production for capital accumulation. As such, land use was shifted from the collective reproduction of the rural population during Soviet times to the rent-subsidization of capital accumulation after independence, particularly via import-substitution industrialization. The result has been the class stratification of Uzbek society, most evident in the rise of a vast relative surplus population of landless peasants struggling in the precarious informal economy, including as daily workers and labor migrants.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: ILWCH has an international reputation for scholarly innovation and quality. It explores diverse topics from globalisation and workers’ rights to class and consumption, labour movements, class identities and cultures, unions, and working-class politics. ILWCH publishes original research, review essays, conference reports from around the world, and an acclaimed scholarly controversy section. Comparative and cross-disciplinary, the journal is of interest to scholars in history, sociology, political science, labor studies, global studies, and a wide range of other fields and disciplines. Published for International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc.
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