Travis J. Carter, Gayathri Pandey, N. Bolger, Ran R. Hassin, M. Ferguson
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引用次数: 1
摘要
我们报告了对我们实验室所有已发表和未发表的研究(总N = 9,656)的荟萃分析结果,这些研究检验了美国国旗对政治态度的启动效应。我们的分析表明,与我们最初在2011年发表的研究一致(T. J. Carter et al., 2011b),在收集数据的最初时期(甚至不包括已发表的研究),美国国旗启动确实造成了态度和信仰的政治保守转变,但随着时间的推移,这种影响已经下降到大约为零,尽管我们认为其他解释,包括假阳性,是合理的。我们讨论了对这种衰退效应的可能解释,以及考虑与符号启动效应相关的历史背景的重要性,这些符号的意义随着时间的推移不是静态的。我们还强调了公开发布数据、清空文件抽屉以及进行直接复制和概念复制的价值。
Has the Effect of the American Flag on Political Attitudes Declined Over Time? A Case Study of the Historical Context of American Flag Priming
We report findings from a meta-analysis on all published and unpublished studies from our labs (total N = 9,656) examining the priming effect of the American flag on political attitudes. Our analyses suggest that, consistent with the studies we originally published in 2011 (T. J. Carter et al., 2011b), American flag primes did create politically conservative shifts in attitudes and beliefs during the initial time period when data were collected (even excluding the published studies), but this effect has since declined over time to be roughly zero, though we believe that other interpretations, including false positives, are plausible. We discuss possible interpretations of this decline effect and the importance of considering the historical context inrelation to the priming effects of symbols whose meaning is not static over time. We also highlight the value of publicly posting data, emptying file drawers, and conducting direct as well as conceptual replications.
期刊介绍:
An excellent resource for researchers as well as students, Social Cognition features reports on empirical research, self-perception, self-concept, social neuroscience, person-memory integration, social schemata, the development of social cognition, and the role of affect in memory and perception. Three broad concerns define the scope of the journal: - The processes underlying the perception, memory, and judgment of social stimuli - The effects of social, cultural, and affective factors on the processing of information The behavioral and interpersonal consequences of cognitive processes.