历史海图:历代的愿景和航行

IF 0.3 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY
Richard L. Pflederer
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Doukellis, this volume focuses on three distinct cartographical domains: the production of charts and atlases in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany at the time of Ferdinando II de’ Medici (r. 1621– 1670), the quality of the information delivered by Ottoman charts, and finally the later improvement by an anonymous French traveller of the map first published by the Scottish consul and travel author Alexander Drummond (1698– 1769) in 1754. Three papers focus on Tuscan map production in the first half of the seventeenth century, a time when the Grand Duchy was developing a more aggressive policy of maritime expansion. The aim of Corradino Astengo (‘Knowing the Mediterranean: The Cartographic Workshop in the Medicis’ Leghorn’ [Livorno]) is to link the emergence of new cartographical workshops to the development of maritime activities in the port. Many chartmakers, such as Robert Dudley (1574–1649), Vincenzo Volcio (fl. 1636–1656) and Joan Olivera (fl. 1592–1643), found the Ligurian port city a good place in which to exercise their talents. Two such chartmakers, Giovanni Battista Cavallini (fl. 1634–1656) with his son Pietro (fl. 1654–1688), settled in Livorno to escape the dominance of the Maggiolo family, who held a virtual monopoly on the production of nautical charts in Genoa. The main achievements of the senior Cavallini include three charts of the Mediterranean, a world map and nine maps of the most important islands in the Mediterranean, probably derived from local large-scale portolan charts. In 1634 he designed an atlas for Ferdinando II as an instrument providing information necessary for the organization of naval expeditions while also satisfying the aesthetic tastes of an aristocracy eager to acquire symbols of power. Cavallini’s Teatro del mondo marittimo (1652) holds the attention of Emmanuelle Vagnon (‘Giovanni Battista Cavallini and the Tradition of Mediterranean Portolan Charts’), who analyses the structure and contents of its thirteen maps in order to determine to which cartographical tradition and genealogy this collection belongs. One of the most striking aspects she deals with is the refined decoration of the maps, with their profusion of rhumb lines, wind roses and graphic scales, and the way the place-names, letters and words are also part of the aesthetic display. Beautiful as it is, the Cavallini atlas is nevertheless disconnected from contemporary geographical knowledge and needs to be seen as a striking and precious emblem of seventeenth-century nobility and knighthood. For Sean Robert (‘Charting Crusade in Ferdinando II’s Tuscany’), the Cavallini atlas is to be linked to the political and diplomatic context with the rise of the Order of Santo Stefano in Tuscany, which revealed the Grand Duke’s aggressive intentions against the Ottomans. The revival of the spirit of the crusades was openly claimed through the symbols deployed in the atlas’s decoration. With the same context in mind, Pinar Emiralioğlu (‘Cartographic Knowledge and Imperial Power in the Mediterranean during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’) tries to follow the diffusion of geographical knowledge in the Mediterranean regions in order to understand the relationship between new chart-making techniques and the strengthening of imperial power. The inclusion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of the boundaries of the various states shows that the primary users of the maps were now politicians and diplomats. Whereas the Ottoman Empire is also part of this phenomenon, its case is not studied in depth here, although the author does demonstrate that Ottoman ruling elites and cartographers contributed to the expansion of knowledge. Agamemnon Tselikas (‘Mediterranean Coastal Place Names on an Ottoman Manuscript Chart in the Sylvia Ioannou Collection’) then examines the topographical information on a late seventeenth-century Ottoman portolan chart. No fewer than 842 coastal names are listed, revealing the great detail in which the geographical information was provided, and the progress made by the Imperial cartographers in designing maps with a quality comparable to those of the West. The volume ends with a study by Veronica della Dora (‘From Book to Map: Power, Portability and Performance in an Eighteenth-Century Anonymous French Traveller’s Map of Cyprus’) based on a curious ‘cartefact’: a faithful real-size copy of Alexander Drummond’s map, published in 1754, dissected into eight parts and mounted on linen for the sake of portability as it accompanied an anonymous French traveller who visited Cyprus during the second part of the eighteenth century. Throughout his peregrinations, the traveller enriched his map with insets, inscriptions and cross-references to Drummond’s text. He seems to have followed Drummond’s circuit of the island, using colours to highlight places and routes and spots of special interest. Most of his annotations contain hints of personal experience, turning his map into a road companion. From these descriptions, it will be understood that the two volumes provide both valuable information and an abundance of significant subjects for reflection on the history of the mapping of the Mediterranean in modern times.","PeriodicalId":44589,"journal":{"name":"Imago Mundi-The International Journal for the History of Cartography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Historical Sea Charts: Visions and Voyages through the Ages\",\"authors\":\"Richard L. Pflederer\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/03085694.2021.1960054\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"high-level academic publications. The second book, Mediterranean Cartographic Stories: Seventeenthand Eighteenth-Century Masterpieces from the Sylvia Ioannou Foundation Collection, consists of six selected papers from the second part of the Third International Conference on the Greek World in Travel Accounts and Maps, ‘Knowledge Is Power’, Cartographic Sessions, held in Nicosia at the University of Cyprus (2–4 November 2016). Edited and introduced by Panagiotis N. Doukellis, this volume focuses on three distinct cartographical domains: the production of charts and atlases in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany at the time of Ferdinando II de’ Medici (r. 1621– 1670), the quality of the information delivered by Ottoman charts, and finally the later improvement by an anonymous French traveller of the map first published by the Scottish consul and travel author Alexander Drummond (1698– 1769) in 1754. Three papers focus on Tuscan map production in the first half of the seventeenth century, a time when the Grand Duchy was developing a more aggressive policy of maritime expansion. The aim of Corradino Astengo (‘Knowing the Mediterranean: The Cartographic Workshop in the Medicis’ Leghorn’ [Livorno]) is to link the emergence of new cartographical workshops to the development of maritime activities in the port. Many chartmakers, such as Robert Dudley (1574–1649), Vincenzo Volcio (fl. 1636–1656) and Joan Olivera (fl. 1592–1643), found the Ligurian port city a good place in which to exercise their talents. Two such chartmakers, Giovanni Battista Cavallini (fl. 1634–1656) with his son Pietro (fl. 1654–1688), settled in Livorno to escape the dominance of the Maggiolo family, who held a virtual monopoly on the production of nautical charts in Genoa. The main achievements of the senior Cavallini include three charts of the Mediterranean, a world map and nine maps of the most important islands in the Mediterranean, probably derived from local large-scale portolan charts. In 1634 he designed an atlas for Ferdinando II as an instrument providing information necessary for the organization of naval expeditions while also satisfying the aesthetic tastes of an aristocracy eager to acquire symbols of power. Cavallini’s Teatro del mondo marittimo (1652) holds the attention of Emmanuelle Vagnon (‘Giovanni Battista Cavallini and the Tradition of Mediterranean Portolan Charts’), who analyses the structure and contents of its thirteen maps in order to determine to which cartographical tradition and genealogy this collection belongs. One of the most striking aspects she deals with is the refined decoration of the maps, with their profusion of rhumb lines, wind roses and graphic scales, and the way the place-names, letters and words are also part of the aesthetic display. Beautiful as it is, the Cavallini atlas is nevertheless disconnected from contemporary geographical knowledge and needs to be seen as a striking and precious emblem of seventeenth-century nobility and knighthood. For Sean Robert (‘Charting Crusade in Ferdinando II’s Tuscany’), the Cavallini atlas is to be linked to the political and diplomatic context with the rise of the Order of Santo Stefano in Tuscany, which revealed the Grand Duke’s aggressive intentions against the Ottomans. The revival of the spirit of the crusades was openly claimed through the symbols deployed in the atlas’s decoration. With the same context in mind, Pinar Emiralioğlu (‘Cartographic Knowledge and Imperial Power in the Mediterranean during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’) tries to follow the diffusion of geographical knowledge in the Mediterranean regions in order to understand the relationship between new chart-making techniques and the strengthening of imperial power. The inclusion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of the boundaries of the various states shows that the primary users of the maps were now politicians and diplomats. Whereas the Ottoman Empire is also part of this phenomenon, its case is not studied in depth here, although the author does demonstrate that Ottoman ruling elites and cartographers contributed to the expansion of knowledge. Agamemnon Tselikas (‘Mediterranean Coastal Place Names on an Ottoman Manuscript Chart in the Sylvia Ioannou Collection’) then examines the topographical information on a late seventeenth-century Ottoman portolan chart. No fewer than 842 coastal names are listed, revealing the great detail in which the geographical information was provided, and the progress made by the Imperial cartographers in designing maps with a quality comparable to those of the West. The volume ends with a study by Veronica della Dora (‘From Book to Map: Power, Portability and Performance in an Eighteenth-Century Anonymous French Traveller’s Map of Cyprus’) based on a curious ‘cartefact’: a faithful real-size copy of Alexander Drummond’s map, published in 1754, dissected into eight parts and mounted on linen for the sake of portability as it accompanied an anonymous French traveller who visited Cyprus during the second part of the eighteenth century. Throughout his peregrinations, the traveller enriched his map with insets, inscriptions and cross-references to Drummond’s text. He seems to have followed Drummond’s circuit of the island, using colours to highlight places and routes and spots of special interest. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

高级学术出版物。第二本书《地中海制图故事:Sylvia Ioannou基金会收藏的十七、十八世纪杰作》由第三届希腊旅游账户和地图世界国际会议第二期的六篇精选论文组成,题为“知识就是力量”,在尼科西亚塞浦路斯大学举行(2016年11月2日至4日)。本卷由Panagiotis N.Doukellis编辑和介绍,重点介绍了三个不同的制图领域:Ferdinando II de’Medici(1621–1670年在位)时期托斯卡纳大公国的海图和地图集制作,奥斯曼海图提供的信息质量,最后,一位匿名的法国旅行者对苏格兰领事兼旅行作家亚历山大·德拉蒙德(1698-1769)于1754年首次出版的地图进行了改进。三篇论文聚焦于17世纪上半叶的托斯卡纳地图制作,当时大公国正在制定更积极的海上扩张政策。Corradino Astengo(《了解地中海:利沃诺地中海的制图讲习班》)的目的是将新的制图讲习班的出现与港口海事活动的发展联系起来。许多制图师,如Robert Dudley(1574-1649)、Vincenzo Volcio(1636-1656)和Joan Olivera(1592-1643),发现利古里亚港口城市是一个锻炼他们才能的好地方。两位这样的海图制作者,Giovanni Battista Cavallini(1634–1656年)和他的儿子Pietro(1654–1688年),为了摆脱马焦洛家族的统治而定居在利沃诺,马焦洛在热那亚几乎垄断了海图的生产。高级Cavallini的主要成就包括三张地中海地图、一张世界地图和九张地中海最重要岛屿地图,这些地图可能来源于当地的大型portolan地图。1634年,他为费迪南多二世设计了一本地图册,作为一种工具,为组织海军探险提供必要的信息,同时也满足了渴望获得权力象征的贵族的审美趣味。Cavallini的世界马里蒂莫剧院(1652年)引起了Emmanuelle Vagnon(“Giovanni Battista Cavalliny and the Tradition of Mediterranean Portolan Charts”)的注意,他分析了十三幅地图的结构和内容,以确定该收藏属于哪种制图传统和谱系。她处理的最引人注目的方面之一是地图的精细装饰,其中有大量的胡麻线、风玫瑰和图形比例尺,地名、字母和单词也是美学展示的一部分。尽管如此,卡瓦里尼地图集仍然与当代地理知识脱节,需要被视为17世纪贵族和骑士身份的醒目而珍贵的象征。对于Sean Robert(“Ferdinando II的托斯卡纳地区的十字军东征”)来说,Cavallini地图册将与托斯卡纳地区圣斯特凡诺骑士团的兴起的政治和外交背景联系在一起,这揭示了大公对奥斯曼人的侵略意图。十字军东征精神的复兴是通过地图册装饰中的符号公开宣称的。在同样的背景下,Pinar Emiralioğlu(《十七、十八世纪地中海的地理知识与帝国权力》)试图跟踪地理知识在地中海地区的传播,以了解新的海图制作技术与帝国权力加强之间的关系。在17世纪和18世纪,各国的边界被包括在内,这表明地图的主要使用者现在是政治家和外交官。尽管奥斯曼帝国也是这一现象的一部分,但本文并未对其案例进行深入研究,尽管作者确实证明了奥斯曼统治精英和制图师对知识的扩展做出了贡献。Agamemnon Tselikas(“Sylvia Ioannou收藏的奥斯曼手稿图上的地中海海岸地名”)随后检查了17世纪晚期奥斯曼港口图上的地形信息。列出了不少于842个海岸名称,揭示了提供地理信息的巨大细节,以及帝国制图师在设计质量与西方相当的地图方面取得的进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Historical Sea Charts: Visions and Voyages through the Ages
high-level academic publications. The second book, Mediterranean Cartographic Stories: Seventeenthand Eighteenth-Century Masterpieces from the Sylvia Ioannou Foundation Collection, consists of six selected papers from the second part of the Third International Conference on the Greek World in Travel Accounts and Maps, ‘Knowledge Is Power’, Cartographic Sessions, held in Nicosia at the University of Cyprus (2–4 November 2016). Edited and introduced by Panagiotis N. Doukellis, this volume focuses on three distinct cartographical domains: the production of charts and atlases in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany at the time of Ferdinando II de’ Medici (r. 1621– 1670), the quality of the information delivered by Ottoman charts, and finally the later improvement by an anonymous French traveller of the map first published by the Scottish consul and travel author Alexander Drummond (1698– 1769) in 1754. Three papers focus on Tuscan map production in the first half of the seventeenth century, a time when the Grand Duchy was developing a more aggressive policy of maritime expansion. The aim of Corradino Astengo (‘Knowing the Mediterranean: The Cartographic Workshop in the Medicis’ Leghorn’ [Livorno]) is to link the emergence of new cartographical workshops to the development of maritime activities in the port. Many chartmakers, such as Robert Dudley (1574–1649), Vincenzo Volcio (fl. 1636–1656) and Joan Olivera (fl. 1592–1643), found the Ligurian port city a good place in which to exercise their talents. Two such chartmakers, Giovanni Battista Cavallini (fl. 1634–1656) with his son Pietro (fl. 1654–1688), settled in Livorno to escape the dominance of the Maggiolo family, who held a virtual monopoly on the production of nautical charts in Genoa. The main achievements of the senior Cavallini include three charts of the Mediterranean, a world map and nine maps of the most important islands in the Mediterranean, probably derived from local large-scale portolan charts. In 1634 he designed an atlas for Ferdinando II as an instrument providing information necessary for the organization of naval expeditions while also satisfying the aesthetic tastes of an aristocracy eager to acquire symbols of power. Cavallini’s Teatro del mondo marittimo (1652) holds the attention of Emmanuelle Vagnon (‘Giovanni Battista Cavallini and the Tradition of Mediterranean Portolan Charts’), who analyses the structure and contents of its thirteen maps in order to determine to which cartographical tradition and genealogy this collection belongs. One of the most striking aspects she deals with is the refined decoration of the maps, with their profusion of rhumb lines, wind roses and graphic scales, and the way the place-names, letters and words are also part of the aesthetic display. Beautiful as it is, the Cavallini atlas is nevertheless disconnected from contemporary geographical knowledge and needs to be seen as a striking and precious emblem of seventeenth-century nobility and knighthood. For Sean Robert (‘Charting Crusade in Ferdinando II’s Tuscany’), the Cavallini atlas is to be linked to the political and diplomatic context with the rise of the Order of Santo Stefano in Tuscany, which revealed the Grand Duke’s aggressive intentions against the Ottomans. The revival of the spirit of the crusades was openly claimed through the symbols deployed in the atlas’s decoration. With the same context in mind, Pinar Emiralioğlu (‘Cartographic Knowledge and Imperial Power in the Mediterranean during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’) tries to follow the diffusion of geographical knowledge in the Mediterranean regions in order to understand the relationship between new chart-making techniques and the strengthening of imperial power. The inclusion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of the boundaries of the various states shows that the primary users of the maps were now politicians and diplomats. Whereas the Ottoman Empire is also part of this phenomenon, its case is not studied in depth here, although the author does demonstrate that Ottoman ruling elites and cartographers contributed to the expansion of knowledge. Agamemnon Tselikas (‘Mediterranean Coastal Place Names on an Ottoman Manuscript Chart in the Sylvia Ioannou Collection’) then examines the topographical information on a late seventeenth-century Ottoman portolan chart. No fewer than 842 coastal names are listed, revealing the great detail in which the geographical information was provided, and the progress made by the Imperial cartographers in designing maps with a quality comparable to those of the West. The volume ends with a study by Veronica della Dora (‘From Book to Map: Power, Portability and Performance in an Eighteenth-Century Anonymous French Traveller’s Map of Cyprus’) based on a curious ‘cartefact’: a faithful real-size copy of Alexander Drummond’s map, published in 1754, dissected into eight parts and mounted on linen for the sake of portability as it accompanied an anonymous French traveller who visited Cyprus during the second part of the eighteenth century. Throughout his peregrinations, the traveller enriched his map with insets, inscriptions and cross-references to Drummond’s text. He seems to have followed Drummond’s circuit of the island, using colours to highlight places and routes and spots of special interest. Most of his annotations contain hints of personal experience, turning his map into a road companion. From these descriptions, it will be understood that the two volumes provide both valuable information and an abundance of significant subjects for reflection on the history of the mapping of the Mediterranean in modern times.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
32
期刊介绍: The English-language, fully-refereed, journal Imago Mundi was founded in 1935 and is the only international, interdisciplinary and scholarly journal solely devoted to the study of early maps in all their aspects. Full-length articles, with abstracts in English, French, German and Spanish, deal with the history and interpretation of non-current maps and mapmaking in any part of the world. Shorter articles communicate significant new findings or new opinions. All articles are fully illustrated. Each volume also contains three reference sections that together provide an up-to-date summary of current developments and make Imago Mundi a vital journal of record as well as information and debate: Book Reviews; an extensive and authoritative Bibliography.
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