噬菌体介导的抗菌应用综述

Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI:10.1080/20905068.2020.1851441

Kenneth Ssekatawa, D. Byarugaba, C. Kato, E. Wampande, F. Ejobi, R. Tweyongyere, J. Nakavuma

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引用次数: 14

摘要

摘要背景：十多年来，世界各地都发现了对新合成抗生素的耐药性。抗生素耐药性的挑战导致几家制药公司放弃了新药的合成，因为担心细菌在短时间内产生耐药性，从而限制了最初的投资回报。为此，正在探索使用噬菌体治疗细菌感染等替代方法。这篇综述探讨了噬菌体介导的抗菌应用的最新进展及其局限性。方法：从2019年1月到2019年11月，我们对PubMed、Lib Hub和Google Scholar数据库进行了全面的文献检索。使用的搜索关键词是噬菌体抑制细菌生长的应用和人类噬菌体疗法，以提取仅以英文发表的国际会议全文研究文章和会议记录。结果：检索共产生709篇文章，其中95篇全文研究文章符合收录指南。在23项研究中进行的透射电子显微镜形态学表征登记了肌体病毒、细胞病毒、足病毒和细胞病毒噬菌体家族，而分子表征显示，一些噬菌体由于携带不良基因而使用不安全。所有针对人类和模型动物的抗多药耐药性（MDR）细菌感染的体内噬菌体治疗研究都提供了100%的保护。离体和体外噬菌体治疗实验显示出压倒性的结果，因为它们对MDR临床分离株的高效性高达100%。噬菌体介导的食品和饮料的生物保存以及表面的生物消毒非常成功，细菌生长抑制率高达100%。噬菌体内切酶显示出与噬菌体在统计学上相当的效力，并通过完全根除乙醇发酵罐中的乳酸菌恢复了正常的乙醇生产。此外，在离体噬菌体治疗中感染的平均多重性最高（557291.8），其次是体内（155612.4）和体外（434.5）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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A review of phage mediated antibacterial applications

ABSTRACT Background: For over a decade, resistance to newly synthesized antibiotics has been observed worldwide. The challenge of antibiotic resistance has led to several pharmaceutical companies to abandon the synthesis of new drugs in fear of bacteria developing resistance in a short period hence limiting initial investment return. To this effect, alternative approaches such as the use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections are being explored. This review explores the recent advances in phage-mediated antibacterial applications and their limitations. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Lib Hub and Google Scholar databases from January 2019 to November 2019. The search key words used were the application of bacteriophages to inhibit bacterial growth and human phage therapy to extract full-text research articles and proceedings from International Conferences published only in English. Results: The search generated 709 articles of which 95 full-text research articles fulfilled the inclusion guidelines. Transmission Electron Microscopy morphological characterization conducted in 23 studies registered Myoviruses, Siphoviruses, Podoviruses, and Cytoviruses phage families while molecular characterization revealed that some phages were not safe to use as they harbored undesirable genes. All in vivo phage therapy studies in humans and model animals against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection provided 100% protection. Ex vivo and in vitro phage therapy experiments exhibited overwhelming results as they registered high efficacies of up to 100% against MDR clinical isolates. Phage-mediated bio-preservation of foods and beverages and bio-sanitization of surfaces were highly successful with bacterial growth suppression of up to 100%. Phage endolysins revealed efficacies statistically comparable to those of phages and restored normal ethanol production by completely eradicating lactic acid bacteria in ethanol fermenters. Furthermore, the average multiplicity of infection was highest in ex vivo phage therapy (557,291.8) followed by in vivo (155,612.4) and in vitro (434.5).

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