哥斯达黎加北部森林畜牧系统中柚木(Tectona grandis)和melina (Gmelina arborea)的生产成本

Mónica Ospino Araya, Yorleny Badilla Valverde, Wilfrido Paniagua Madrigal, Carlos Mario Campos Granados, O. Murillo Gamboa
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Este diseno silvopastoril requiere plantar 4,17 ha con melina y 5,5 ha con teca para obtener la misma cantidad de madera que en una plantacion convencional. EnglishThe absence of economic information constitutes a barrier to the promotion of silvopastoral systems. The forest component represents a marginal contribution to the livestock economy, which maintains a high carbon footprint and occupies 43% of the territory. A new silvopastoral model of greater economic, social and environmental impact is required. Objective. To generate information on the costs of tree cultivation, in a silvopastoral design that manages to integrate the livestock business with that of wood. Materials and methods. The complete cost structure of the forest component is reported, based on melina and teak clones. The information from ordinary compact plantations was adapted to a strip tree cultivation system within a cattle farm, utilized in the northern region of Costa Rica. The information was differentiated in two scenarios, the high and low investment model, according to the technological package used. Results. The trees were planted within two fenced-strips of six meters wide per hectare at the boundaries of the grazing paddocks. Within the strips, trees were planted in an irregular distribution, at a distance of 2,5 m between rows and 4.0 m between trees, which allowed planting of 150 trees.ha-1 in a cycle of 8 years for melina and 16 years for teak. Conclusions. Total cost of growing melina in 2 strips.ha-1, in the high investment model was ₡751 759 (US $1307) and ₡966 818 (US $1681) for teak. In the low investment model, the total cost for melina was ₡545 739 (US $949) and ₡714 548 (US $1242) for teak. Labor represented 41% of the total costs in melina and 44% in teak. 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引用次数: 2

摘要

缺乏经济资料是促进森林畜牧系统的一个障碍。森林对畜牧业经济的贡献很小,畜牧业保持着很高的碳足迹,占据了43%的领土。需要一种新的森林畜牧模式,具有更大的经济、社会和环境影响。目标。在森林畜牧设计中生成树木种植成本信息,成功地将牲畜业务与木材业务结合起来。材料和方法。森林部分的完整成本结构是基于melina和柚木的克隆。本研究的目的是评估在哥斯达黎加北部的一个牧场上种植树木的可能性,该牧场的特点是种植面积小,种植面积小。根据所使用的技术包,信息在两种情况下有所不同,即高投资和低投资模型。结果。这些树被种植在6米宽的围栏内。ha-1在地块边界上,在行间2.5米和树间4.0米的三叶分布中,允许在两条条纹上种植150棵树。ha-1, melina为8年周期,柚木为16年周期。结论。把梅丽娜的总成本分成两部分。高投资模型中的ha-1为₡751,759 (US $1307), teca为₡966,818 (US $1681)。在低投资模型中,melina的总成本为₡545,739(949美元),teca₡714,548(1242美元)。在melina,劳动力占总成本的41%,在teca占44%。这种森林畜牧设计需要种植4.17公顷的melina和5.5公顷的柚木,以获得与传统种植园相同数量的木材。缺乏经济资料是促进森林畜牧制度的一个障碍。森林组成部分对畜牧业经济贡献不大,畜牧业经济保持着高碳足迹,占据了43%的领土。需要一个新的森林牧区模式,以产生更大的经济、社会和环境影响。目标。在森林畜牧设计中,编制关于树木栽培费用的资料,以便将牲畜业务与木材业务结合起来。他的父亲是一名律师,母亲是一名律师。根据melina和柚木无性系,报告了森林组成部分的全部成本结构。来自普通紧凑型种植园的资料已被改编成哥斯达黎加北部地区使用的牛场内的条状树木栽培系统。根据所使用的技术包,将信息分为两种情景,即高投资模式和低投资模式。结果。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(0.984平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积为,其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据,该县总面积为,其中土地和(1.)水。结论。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的总面积是,其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。在高投资模式中,₡751,759(1307美元)和₡966,818(1681美元)的teak。在低投资模式下,melina的总成本为₡545,739(949美元),teak的₡714,548(1242美元)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据,该县总面积为,其中土地和(0.3%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,该地区的总面积为,其中土地和(1.5%)水。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Costos de producción de teca (Tectona grandis) y melina (Gmelina arborea) en sistemas silvopastoriles de la zona norte de Costa Rica
espanolLa ausencia de informacion economica constituye una barrera para el fomento de sistemas silvopastoriles. El componente forestal representa una contribucion marginal en la economia de la ganaderia, que mantiene una huella de carbono alta y ocupa un 43% del territorio. Se requiere un nuevo modelo silvopastoril de mayor impacto economico-social y ambiental. Objetivo. Generar informacion de costos del cultivo de arboles, en un diseno silvopastoril que logra integrar el negocio pecuario con el de madera. Materiales y metodos. Se reporta la estructura completa de costos del componente forestal, basado en clones de melina y teca. Se adapto la informacion de plantaciones compactas ordinarias, a un sistema de cultivo de arboles en franjas dentro de una finca ganadera, utilizado en la zona norte de Costa Rica. La informacion se diferencio en dos escenarios, el modelo de alta y baja inversion, segun el paquete tecnologico utilizado. Resultados. Los arboles se plantaron dentro de franjas cercadas de seis metros de ancho.ha-1 en los linderos de los apartos, en distribucion tresbolillo a 2,5 m entre hileras y 4,0 m entre arboles, que permiten cultivar 150 arboles en dos franjas.ha-1, en un ciclo de 8 anos para melina y de 16 anos para teca. Conclusiones. El costo total de cultivar melina en dos franjas.ha-1, en el modelo de alta inversion, fue de ₡751 759 (US $1307) y de ₡966 818 (US $1681) con teca. En el modelo de baja inversion el costo total para melina fue de ₡545 739 (US $949) y para teca ₡714 548 (US $1242). La mano de obra represento 41% de los costos totales en melina y 44% en teca. Este diseno silvopastoril requiere plantar 4,17 ha con melina y 5,5 ha con teca para obtener la misma cantidad de madera que en una plantacion convencional. EnglishThe absence of economic information constitutes a barrier to the promotion of silvopastoral systems. The forest component represents a marginal contribution to the livestock economy, which maintains a high carbon footprint and occupies 43% of the territory. A new silvopastoral model of greater economic, social and environmental impact is required. Objective. To generate information on the costs of tree cultivation, in a silvopastoral design that manages to integrate the livestock business with that of wood. Materials and methods. The complete cost structure of the forest component is reported, based on melina and teak clones. The information from ordinary compact plantations was adapted to a strip tree cultivation system within a cattle farm, utilized in the northern region of Costa Rica. The information was differentiated in two scenarios, the high and low investment model, according to the technological package used. Results. The trees were planted within two fenced-strips of six meters wide per hectare at the boundaries of the grazing paddocks. Within the strips, trees were planted in an irregular distribution, at a distance of 2,5 m between rows and 4.0 m between trees, which allowed planting of 150 trees.ha-1 in a cycle of 8 years for melina and 16 years for teak. Conclusions. Total cost of growing melina in 2 strips.ha-1, in the high investment model was ₡751 759 (US $1307) and ₡966 818 (US $1681) for teak. In the low investment model, the total cost for melina was ₡545 739 (US $949) and ₡714 548 (US $1242) for teak. Labor represented 41% of the total costs in melina and 44% in teak. This silvopastoral design requires planting of 4.17 ha with melina and 5.5 ha with teak in order to obtain the same amount of wood as in a conventional plantation.
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