丙环康唑防治南佛罗里达鳄梨月桂枯萎病方法及效果再评价

IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE
Mónica Navia-Urrutia, C. A. Sendoya-Corrales, J. Crane, R. Gazis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

丙环唑对月桂枯萎病的病原——月桂哈里顿菌具有杀菌和杀菌性能。美国佛罗里达州的农民使用丙环唑注射液作为预防鳄梨树疾病的方法,但十多年来,由于记录在案的树血管系统内活动受限,其疗效一直存疑。本研究旨在评估使用土壤浸泡作为替代施用方法时丙环唑的吸收情况,评估丙环唑在浸泡或注射时控制疾病发展的效果,以及其对当地农民使用的常见文化管理做法的协同作用,如拔枝和截干(“树桩”)。为了确定丙环唑土壤浸泡是否能提供更好的木质部覆盖,对盆栽和成熟果园树木进行了不同浓度的处理,并人工接种了病原体。在盆栽和果园树木中证实了丙环唑从根部转移到地上组织,但果园树木中的浓度低于杀菌阈值(1ppm)。尽管没有一株盆栽树木出现月桂枯萎病症状,但所有接种过疫苗的果园树木枝条都出现了。此外,超过80%的接种过丙环唑和丙环唑处理过的果园树木出现了未接种过的树枝的症状,尽管接种过的枝条在疾病发展的早期就被剪掉了。为了阐明丙环唑注射液是否能有效控制疾病,对一个商业果园中注射了五次丙环唑的树木进行了人工接种。树木中丙环唑的浓度变化很大(范围从<0.01到294ppm),但即使在丙环唑浓度高的树木中,接种和未接种的枝条也会出现症状。尽管在未接种枝条出现症状后不久(接种后4至5个月),被淋湿和注射的树木就被“树桩”了,但被淋湿的地块中的所有树桩和80%的注射树木分别在切割后5个月和4个月出现了内部症状。结果表明,丙环唑土壤浸种是一种在果树上无效的施用方法,常规注射也不能阻止人工接种后疾病的发展。此外,由于丙环唑不能阻止病原体向树干转移,因此在果园中“树桩”感染树木以减少疾病是一种不充分的做法。这项研究强调了对其他具有较低杀真菌阈值、较长半衰期和较高木质部流动性的活性成分的迫切需求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reevaluation of the Application Method and Efficacy of Propiconazole in Controlling Laurel Wilt in Avocado Orchards in South Florida
Propiconazole has fungistatic and fungicidal properties against Harringtonia lauricola, the causal agent of laurel wilt disease. Propiconazole injections are used by Florida, USA, farmers as a prophylactic method to manage the disease in avocado (Persea americana) trees, but its efficacy has remained questionable for more than a decade due to documented restricted mobility within the tree vascular system. This study was conducted to evaluate the absorption of propiconazole when using soil drenching as an alternative application method, assess the efficacy of propiconazole in controlling disease development when drenched or injected, and its synergistic effect on common cultural management practices used by the local farmers, such as branch removal and trunk cutting (“stumping”). To determine if propiconazole soil-drenching can provide better xylem coverage, potted and mature orchard trees were treated with different concentrations and artificially inoculated with the pathogen. Propiconazole translocation from the roots to above-the-ground tissue was confirmed in potted and orchard trees, but the concentrations in orchard trees were below the fungicidal threshold (1 ppm). Although none of the potted trees developed laurel wilt symptoms, all inoculated branches of the orchard trees did. Furthermore, noninoculated branches in more than 80% of the inoculated and propiconazole-treated orchard trees developed symptoms, even though the inoculated branch was cut at the early stages of disease development. To elucidate if propiconazole injections effectively control the disease, trees from a commercial orchard that were injected five times were challenged by artificial inoculation. Propiconazole concentration in trees was highly variable (ranging from < 0.01 to 294 ppm), but even in trees with a high concentration of propiconazole, inoculated and noninoculated branches developed symptoms. Even though drenched and injected trees were “stumped” soon after symptoms appeared in the noninoculated branches (4 to 5 months after inoculation), all of the stumps in the drenched plot and 80% of the injected trees, showed internal symptoms 5 and 4 months after the cut, respectively. Results demonstrate that the soil-drenching of propiconazole is an ineffective application method in orchard trees, and that the conventional injection does not prevent disease development after artificial inoculation. Moreover, because propiconazole does not prevent the movement of the pathogen to the trunk, the “stumping” of infected trees to reduce the disease in the orchard is an inadequate practice. This study highlights the critical need for other active ingredients with lower fungicidal thresholds, longer half-life, and higher xylem mobility.
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来源期刊
Horttechnology
Horttechnology 农林科学-园艺
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
10.00%
发文量
67
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: HortTechnology serves as the primary outreach publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Its mission is to provide science-based information to professional horticulturists, practitioners, and educators; promote and encourage an interchange of ideas among scientists, educators, and professionals working in horticulture; and provide an opportunity for peer review of practical horticultural information.
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