Overtourism in Istanbul: an interpretative study of non-governmental organizational views

ABSTRACT Although increases in tourist arrivals and crowding are the most clearly perceived indicators of overtourism, it is necessary to identify the different political, legal, economic, and cultural phenomena that determine the perception of overtourism in cities. This study aims to identify critical steps for similar destinations to solve the problem of overtourism by exemplifying which critical factors are associated with the perception of overtourism in Istanbul. A case study design was chosen within the scope of the qualitative method. Data were obtained via semi-structured interviews and subjected to content analysis. Interviews were conducted with representatives of NGOs operating in Istanbul. The findings revealed three main themes regarding the perception of overtourism: indicators of the current situation, indicators of overtourism, and indicators of reaction. While the tourist profile and regional agglomeration stand out as the problems of current tourism, public space, housing, and gentrification, policies without governance are emphasized as overtourism problems. Development in urbanization, urban culture, and urban consciousness are key reactions recommended. Unlike many other destinations, it has been determined that the phenomenon of overtourism in Istanbul is perceived and questioned not by the number of tourists but by the criticism of the policies implemented.