Multimodal expressive arts in school counselling: a strength-based intervention program for academic underachievers in secondary schools

ABSTRACT This study looked into the effectiveness of an intervention program using multimodal expressive arts therapy approach for underachieving adolescents. A six-session program, adopting strength-based and insight-oriented approach, was implemented to 14 secondary school students who met the criteria as underachievers. Qualitative data was analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Two themes emerged from students’ artwork and reflection, as well as teachers’ feedback: conflicts and defense (inferiority and helplessness; indifferent and sloopy), as well as the needs for understanding and social support reoccurred in students’ art piece and reflection across sessions. Quantitative data, from teachers and students, indicated an increase in behavioral and emotional engagement at the end of the program. Multidimensional motivation states of underachieving students were also emerged. The indifference within themselves on the issue on “underachieving” are brought to their conscious level and leading to more self-reflection. Limitations and implications of this study are presented.