重新审视母亲的指责:精神分析鼎盛时期的性别、电影摄影和婴儿研究

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-25 DOI:10.1177/09526951231187556
Felix E Rietmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章考察了20世纪30年代到60年代美国一群松散联系的女性心理学家和医生对婴儿进行的电影观察研究。这些实践者在今天基本上被遗忘了,他们实现了在各种环境下——从实验室到健康婴儿诊所——对婴儿行为进行详细而精心策划的研究项目。尽管他们的研究与约翰·鲍尔比关于依恋的研究和雷诺·斯皮茨关于制度化婴儿的电影等更知名的作品有联系,但他们在对婴儿个体特征的仔细研究和对当代“病态育儿”概念的批判态度上有所不同。在密切关注几位研究人员的工作后,包括但不限于儿科医生玛格丽特·弗里斯(1898-1987),临床心理学家西比勒·埃斯卡罗纳(1915 - 1996)和她的团队成员——儿童精神病学家玛丽·莱奇(1914 - ?)和前卫摄影师埃伦·奥尔巴赫(1906-2004)——心理学家安内利斯·科尔纳(1918-2010),我认为他们的电影作品更细致地揭示了20世纪中期婴儿研究和儿童精神病学的景观。并为当时对性别、精神分析和科学观察的另类解读开辟了一条道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mother-blaming revisited: Gender, cinematography, and infant research in the heyday of psychoanalysis.

This article examines cinematographic observational studies of infants conducted by a loosely connected group of female psychologists and physicians in the USA from the 1930s to the 1960s. Largely forgotten today, these practitioners realized detailed and carefully planned research projects about infant behavior in a variety of settings-from the laboratory to the well-baby clinic. Although their studies were in conversation with better-known works, such as John Bowlby's research on attachment and René Spitz's films on institutionalized infants, they differed in a close examination of individual characteristics of babies and a critical attitude toward contemporary notions of 'pathological mothering'. In closely following the work of several researchers, including but not limited to pediatrician Margaret Fries (1898-1987), the clinical psychologist Sibylle Escalona (1915-96) and her team members-child psychiatrist Mary Leitch (1914-?) and avant-garde photographer Ellen Auerbach (1906-2004)-and psychologist Anneliese Korner (1918-2010), I argue that their cinematographic works shed a more nuanced light on the landscape of infant research and child psychiatry in the mid 20th century, and open a way for alternative readings of gender, psychoanalysis, and scientific observation at that time.

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来源期刊
History of the Human Sciences
History of the Human Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: History of the Human Sciences aims to expand our understanding of the human world through a broad interdisciplinary approach. The journal will bring you critical articles from sociology, psychology, anthropology and politics, and link their interests with those of philosophy, literary criticism, art history, linguistics, psychoanalysis, aesthetics and law.
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