Nano-Biosensors from Agriculture to Nextgen Diagnostic Tools

Nanotechnology is thriving these days and plays a great role in the expansion of biosensors. A range of nanomaterials are used in the growth of biosensors in order to boost the performance and sensitivity of biosensors. Nanomaterials like nanowire, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots etc. are helpful for increasing different properties like enzyme loading capacity, bioanalyte loading, good absorption as well as immobilization of enzymes. The skill of nanobiosensors becomes extra accurate and reliable as it allows quick selection of diverse analytes at little cost. The main target for nanobiosensor research includes the development of novel technologies in order to make improvements in the field of marker detection of human and animal disease, identification and study of therapeutic compounds, characterization of nano and bio materials and the development of biocatalysts. This paper has reviewed basic principles and various nano-structure based biosensors along with their applications in different areas such as biomedical and forensic, environmental, agricultural and the food sector and recent advancements.