哈罗德·威尔逊,《塞尔斯顿人》,以及20世纪70年代英国对社会民主的捍卫

IF 1.1 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Peter Sloman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

哈罗德·威尔逊在1970年大选前夕对“塞尔斯顿人”的攻击通常被视为一种有缺陷的修辞策略,无意中使爱德华·希思的政策连贯一致。希思“大转弯”的批评者随后援引了“塞尔斯顿”,这意味着这一事件主要引起了保守党历史学家的关注。然而,关于塞尔斯顿的辩论也可以被视为威尔逊从20世纪60年代的“现代化”政治过渡到更具防御性的姿态的里程碑,在这种姿态中,他将工党视为反对倒退的市场自由主义政策的堡垒。这篇文章探讨了威尔逊对“新保守主义”的批评,并认为他在1970年确立的主题在随后的议会中对工党反对希思政府发挥了重要作用。特别是,他对保守党政策分配效应的关注与新兴的收入和财富社会科学研究相吻合,因此有助于“重新发现不平等”。然而,在20世纪70年代中期动荡的经济环境中,工党保护工人阶级家庭免受市场定价影响的努力很难在执政期间持续下去。这种“退役”政治的兴起和衰落对我们理解英国社会民主不断变化的命运具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Harold Wilson, 'Selsdon Man', and the defence of social democracy in 1970s Britain.

Harold Wilson's attack on 'Selsdon Man' in the run-up to the 1970 general election has generally been seen as a flawed rhetorical gambit, which inadvertently gave coherence to Edward Heath's policies. The subsequent invocation of 'Selsdon' by critics of Heath's 'u-turns' has meant that the episode has mainly attracted scrutiny from historians of the Conservative Party. Yet the debate over Selsdon can also be seen as a landmark in Wilson's transition from the 'modernizing' politics of the 1960s to a more defensive posture, in which he presented Labour as a bulwark against regressive market-liberal policies. This article explores Wilson's critique of the 'new Conservatism' and argues that the themes which he established in 1970 played an important role in framing Labour's opposition to the Heath government during the subsequent Parliament. In particular, his focus on the distributional effects of Tory policies dovetailed with an emerging body of social science research on income and wealth and so contributed to a 'rediscovery of inequality'. In the turbulent economic climate of the mid-1970s, however, Labour's efforts to protect working-class households from the effects of market pricing proved difficult to sustain in office. The rise and fall of this politics of 'decommodification' has important implications for our understanding of the changing fortunes of British social democracy.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: Twentieth Century British History covers the variety of British history in the twentieth century in all its aspects. It links the many different and specialized branches of historical scholarship with work in political science and related disciplines. The journal seeks to transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries, in order to foster the study of patterns of change and continuity across the twentieth century. The editors are committed to publishing work that examines the British experience within a comparative context, whether European or Anglo-American.
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