使用鱼骨图上的Rubric评级来比较案例研究的方法

M. Davey, J. Morell
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引用次数: 1

摘要

背景:在多案例研究项目评估中,访谈产生的大量定性数据可能很难利用。当必须推断为什么有些案例成功,有些案例失败时,情况尤其如此。目的:本文展示了一种比较多个评估点的方法,通过使用量规来定义相关因素的评级,并使用石川鱼骨图作为模型来显示这些因素之间的关系。我们展示了这项技术是如何确定不同地点之间结果差异的原因的。设置:该评估设置是美国铁路行业的一项大规模安全创新。考虑了四个案例——两条客运铁路和两条货运铁路。干预措施:保密紧急情况报告系统(C3RS)计划允许铁路工人秘密提交“紧急情况”,由劳工、管理层和联邦铁路管理局组成的团队对其进行审查,以确定提高安全性的方法。研究设计:多个比较案例研究、Ishikawa根源和促成原因建模、评估准则评分和数据可视化技术。数据收集与分析:访谈数据来自四个试点铁路站点,每个站点都参加了为期五年的C3RS测试。测试周期重叠,整个评估持续了大约12年。研究结果:使用Ishikawa鱼骨图和评估量规评分的方法是总结、分析和呈现大量定性数据的有效方法。该方法成功地解释了各个站点的成功和失败程度。赞助商和行业利益相关者能够理解分析和发现,并深入了解如何促进成功实施。关键词:多个比较案例研究;定性方法论;定性编码;数据可视化;鱼骨图;石川图;评价准则;千钧一发;未遂事件;数据可视化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Method for Using Rubric Ratings on Fishbone Diagrams to Compare Case Studies
Background: In multi-case study program evaluations, the large amount of qualitative data that are generated from interviews can be difficult to utilize. This is particularly so when inference must be made as to why some cases succeed and some fail. Purpose: This paper shows a method for comparing multiple evaluation sites by using a rubric to define ratings for relevant factors, and an Ishikawa fishbone diagram as a model to show relationships among those factors. We show how this technique identified reasons for differences in outcomes among the sites. Setting: The evaluation setting was a large-scale safety innovation in the U.S. railroad industry. Four cases were considered—two passenger railroads and two freight railroads. Intervention: The Confidential Close Call Reporting System (C3RS) program allowed railroad workers to confidentially submit “close calls” which were reviewed by a team made up of labor, management, and the Federal Railroad administration to determine ways to improve safety. Research design: Multiple comparative case study, Ishikawa root and contributing cause modeling, evaluative rubric scoring, and data visualization techniques. Data collection & analysis: Interview data were collected from four pilot railroad sites, each of which participated in a five-year test of C3RS. Testing periods overlapped, with the entire evaluation lasting about 12 years. Findings: The method of using Ishikawa fishbone diagrams with ratings from an evaluative rubric was an effective method to summarize, analyze, and present large quantities of qualitative data. The approach succeeded in explaining degrees of success and failure across the sites. The sponsor and industry stakeholders were able to understand the analysis and the findings, and to develop deep insight into how to promote successful implementation. Keywords: Multiple comparative case studies; qualitative methodology; qualitative coding; data visualization; fishbone diagrams; Ishikawa diagrams; evaluative rubrics; close calls; near miss; data visualization.
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