Sonodynamic therapy of mice breast adenocarcinoma: An in vivo study with hematoporphyrin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles

ABSTRACTIntroduction: According to high mortality rate due to cancer and side effects of invasive treatments, the noninvasive method such as sonodynamic therapy for breast adenocarcinoma is considerable. Encapsulation of sonosensitizer in nanoparticles can improve the accumulation of these agents in the tumor tissue and decrease in drug side effect. Hence, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with 1MHz ultrasound (US), hematoporphyrin (HP) and hematoporphyrin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HP-MSN) in breast adenocarcinoma was carried out.Material and Methods: Female Inbred Balb/C mice with grafted breast adenocarcinoma were divided to 16 groups: control, sham, HP (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), HP-MSN (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), 1MHz US (1 and 2 W/cm2), SDT+HP (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and SDT+HP-MSN (2.5 and 5 mg/kg). The relative volume, tumor growth inhibition ratio (TGI) and the time of tumor growth (T2 and T5-times) evaluated 30-days after treatment.Results: Analysis of data showed the groups of SDT (2 W/cm2)+HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) and SDT (1 W/cm2)+HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) indicated anti-tumor effects from days 18 to 27 after treatment. TGI% in these groups was 45 and 42% respectively and the time of T2 and T5 is greater than that in the control and sham. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 44-day survival was 95% for the group treated with SDT (2 W/cm2)+HP-MSN (5 mg/kg). All experimental groups had a poorly differentiated grading except of SDT (2 W/cm2)+HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) group which has a moderately differentiated degree based on Bloom-Richardson classification.Conclusion:Based on this study, sonodynamic therapy with 1MHz US (2 W/cm2)+HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) have an anti-tumor effect.