采用不称职的外衣:假装较弱自我的印象管理技巧

IF 4.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY
Arthur McLuhan
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引用次数: 6

摘要

“能力的外衣”概念抓住了掩盖局限性和夸大能力的企图。作者考察了概念上的反面:“无能的外衣”,或者人们故意忽视、伪装、淡化或贬低个人能力的各种方式。通过对多种经验案例的比较分析,作者确定了三种通用的能力隐藏技术——回避、表现和中和——并考虑了一些可以增强或降低其有效性的相互作用的偶然事件。规避和绩效技巧用于管理可信赖的能力。中和技术用于管理信用能力。每一种策略都以一种特定的方式阻碍了能力的出现和归因:回避技术阻止了能力的戏剧性实现,表现技术戏剧性地实现了无能,中和技术贬低、淡化、疏远或以其他方式解释了明显但不受欢迎的能力表现。作者最后讨论了对人社会学、文化社会学和结构社会学的一些启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adopting a Cloak of Incompetence: Impression Management Techniques for Feigning Lesser Selves
The “cloak of competence” concept captures attempts to disguise limitations and exaggerate abilities. The author examines the conceptual converse: the “cloak of incompetence,” or the various ways people deliberately disregard, disguise, downplay, or diminish their personal abilities. Drawing on a comparative analysis of manifold empirical cases, the author identifies three generic competence-concealing techniques—avoidance, performance, and neutralization—and considers some of the interactional contingencies that can enhance or reduce their effectiveness. Avoidance and performance techniques are used to manage creditable competence. Neutralization techniques are used to manage credited competence. Each strategy obstructs the appearance and attribution of competence in a particular way: avoidance techniques prevent the dramatic realization of competence, performance techniques dramatically realize incompetence, and neutralization techniques discount, downplay, distance, or otherwise explain away evident but undesirable competent performances. The author concludes by discussing some implications for sociologies of persons, culture, and structure.
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来源期刊
Sociological Theory
Sociological Theory SOCIOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
6.80%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Published for the American Sociological Association, this important journal covers the full range of sociological theory - from ethnomethodology to world systems analysis, from commentaries on the classics to the latest cutting-edge ideas, and from re-examinations of neglected theorists to metatheoretical inquiries. Its themes and contributions are interdisciplinary, its orientation pluralistic, its pages open to commentary and debate. Renowned for publishing the best international research and scholarship, Sociological Theory is essential reading for sociologists and social theorists alike.
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