Julia Homann, Niklas Karbach, S. Carolin, Daniel H. James, D. Hodell, S. Breitenbach, O. Kwiecien, M. Brenner, Carlos Peraza Lope, T. Hoffmann
{"title":"从墨西哥玛雅潘考古遗址石笋中的多环芳烃和单糖酸酐推断出过去的火动力学","authors":"Julia Homann, Niklas Karbach, S. Carolin, Daniel H. James, D. Hodell, S. Breitenbach, O. Kwiecien, M. Brenner, Carlos Peraza Lope, T. Hoffmann","doi":"10.5194/bg-20-3249-2023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Speleothems (cave stalagmites) contain inorganic and organic substances that can be used to infer past changes in local and regional paleoenvironmental\nconditions. Specific biomarkers can be employed to elucidate the history of\npast fires, caused by interactions among climate, regional hydrology,\nvegetation, humans, and fire activity. We conducted a simple solid–liquid\nextraction on pulverised carbonate samples to prepare them for analysis of\n16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three monosaccharide\nanhydrides (MAs). The preparation method requires only small samples\n(0.5–1.0 g); PAHs and MAs were measured by GC–MS and LC–HILIC–MS,\nrespectively. Detection limits range from 0.05–2.1 ng for PAHs and\n0.01–0.1 ng for MAs. We applied the method to 10 samples from a\n∼ 400-year-old stalagmite from Cenote Ch'en Mul, at Mayapan\n(Mexico), the largest Postclassic Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula. We found a strong correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) between the major\nMA (levoglucosan) and non-alkylated PAHs (Σ15). We investigated\nmultiple diagnostic PAH and MA ratios and found that although not all were\napplicable as paleo-fire proxies, ratios that combine PAHs with MAs are\npromising tools for identifying different fire regimes and inferring the\ntype of fuel burned. In the 1950s and 1960s, levoglucosan and Σ15\nconcentrations roughly doubled compared to other times in the last 400 years, suggesting greater fire activity at Mayapan during these two decades.\nThe higher concentrations of fire markers may have been a consequence of\nland clearance at the site and exploration of the cave by Carnegie\nInstitution archaeologists.\n","PeriodicalId":8899,"journal":{"name":"Biogeosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Past fire dynamics inferred from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monosaccharide anhydrides in a stalagmite from the archaeological site of Mayapan, Mexico\",\"authors\":\"Julia Homann, Niklas Karbach, S. Carolin, Daniel H. James, D. Hodell, S. Breitenbach, O. Kwiecien, M. Brenner, Carlos Peraza Lope, T. Hoffmann\",\"doi\":\"10.5194/bg-20-3249-2023\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract. Speleothems (cave stalagmites) contain inorganic and organic substances that can be used to infer past changes in local and regional paleoenvironmental\\nconditions. Specific biomarkers can be employed to elucidate the history of\\npast fires, caused by interactions among climate, regional hydrology,\\nvegetation, humans, and fire activity. We conducted a simple solid–liquid\\nextraction on pulverised carbonate samples to prepare them for analysis of\\n16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three monosaccharide\\nanhydrides (MAs). The preparation method requires only small samples\\n(0.5–1.0 g); PAHs and MAs were measured by GC–MS and LC–HILIC–MS,\\nrespectively. Detection limits range from 0.05–2.1 ng for PAHs and\\n0.01–0.1 ng for MAs. We applied the method to 10 samples from a\\n∼ 400-year-old stalagmite from Cenote Ch'en Mul, at Mayapan\\n(Mexico), the largest Postclassic Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula. We found a strong correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) between the major\\nMA (levoglucosan) and non-alkylated PAHs (Σ15). We investigated\\nmultiple diagnostic PAH and MA ratios and found that although not all were\\napplicable as paleo-fire proxies, ratios that combine PAHs with MAs are\\npromising tools for identifying different fire regimes and inferring the\\ntype of fuel burned. In the 1950s and 1960s, levoglucosan and Σ15\\nconcentrations roughly doubled compared to other times in the last 400 years, suggesting greater fire activity at Mayapan during these two decades.\\nThe higher concentrations of fire markers may have been a consequence of\\nland clearance at the site and exploration of the cave by Carnegie\\nInstitution archaeologists.\\n\",\"PeriodicalId\":8899,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biogeosciences\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biogeosciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3249-2023\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biogeosciences","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3249-2023","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Past fire dynamics inferred from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monosaccharide anhydrides in a stalagmite from the archaeological site of Mayapan, Mexico
Abstract. Speleothems (cave stalagmites) contain inorganic and organic substances that can be used to infer past changes in local and regional paleoenvironmental
conditions. Specific biomarkers can be employed to elucidate the history of
past fires, caused by interactions among climate, regional hydrology,
vegetation, humans, and fire activity. We conducted a simple solid–liquid
extraction on pulverised carbonate samples to prepare them for analysis of
16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three monosaccharide
anhydrides (MAs). The preparation method requires only small samples
(0.5–1.0 g); PAHs and MAs were measured by GC–MS and LC–HILIC–MS,
respectively. Detection limits range from 0.05–2.1 ng for PAHs and
0.01–0.1 ng for MAs. We applied the method to 10 samples from a
∼ 400-year-old stalagmite from Cenote Ch'en Mul, at Mayapan
(Mexico), the largest Postclassic Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula. We found a strong correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) between the major
MA (levoglucosan) and non-alkylated PAHs (Σ15). We investigated
multiple diagnostic PAH and MA ratios and found that although not all were
applicable as paleo-fire proxies, ratios that combine PAHs with MAs are
promising tools for identifying different fire regimes and inferring the
type of fuel burned. In the 1950s and 1960s, levoglucosan and Σ15
concentrations roughly doubled compared to other times in the last 400 years, suggesting greater fire activity at Mayapan during these two decades.
The higher concentrations of fire markers may have been a consequence of
land clearance at the site and exploration of the cave by Carnegie
Institution archaeologists.
期刊介绍:
Biogeosciences (BG) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications and review papers on all aspects of the interactions between the biological, chemical and physical processes in terrestrial or extraterrestrial life with the geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The objective of the journal is to cut across the boundaries of established sciences and achieve an interdisciplinary view of these interactions. Experimental, conceptual and modelling approaches are welcome.