机械加工的可用数据分析与能量供应估算

V. Lavrinenko, V. Solod
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近50年来,机械加工过程的能源效率问题一直是人们关注的焦点。这是因为与其他行业相比,冶金和机械工程的特点是产品的能源强度很高。分析文献中可用的能源成本加工过程指标,并从这些指标中确定一致的数据。建立研磨能量与精加工材料熔化所需能量之间的解析关系。确定了切屑形成过程中材料的切削能量与熔化金属所需的能量接近,多余的磨削能量消耗在切屑与砂轮之间的摩擦上。结果表明,在文献中有不同处理的能耗数据:车削- 2 kJ/cm3,铣削- 9 kJ/cm3,磨削- 60 kJ/cm3,电火花处理- 3000 kJ/cm3。同时,钢材磨削的比能耗为60 kJ/cm3。钢的熔化比热为0.64 kJ/cm3。因此,在研磨过程中,泵入钢的热量是熔化钢所需热量的100倍。也就是说,存在矛盾。为了找到解决这一矛盾的方法,除了考虑生产率和有效加工功率外,还要考虑砂轮工作层的磨损,对超硬材料的金刚石-磨料加工的比能耗进行更准确的估计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analysis of Available Data and Estimation of Energy Supply of Mechanical Processing
The issue of energy efficiency of machining processes has been the focus of attention for the last 50 years. This is due to the fact that in comparison with other industries, metallurgy and mechanical engineering are characterized by a high level of energy intensity of products. Analysis of available in the literature indicators of energy costs of processing processes and determination of consistent data from these indicators. Establishing an analytical relationship between the grinding energy and the energy required for melting the finishing material. It is determined that the cutting energy of the material during chip for­mation is close to the energy required for melting the metal, and the excess amount of spent grinding energy is spent on friction between the chips and the grinding wheel. It is shown that in the literature there are data on the energy consumption of different treatments: turning - 2 kJ/cm3, milling - 9 kJ/cm3, grinding - 60 kJ/cm3, electrospark treatment - 3000 kJ/cm3. At the same time, the specific energy consumption of steel grinding is 60 kJ/cm3. And the specific heat of fusion of steel is 0.64 kJ/cm3. As a result, 100 times more heat is pumped into the steel during grinding than is needed to melt it. That is, there is a contradiction. To find ways to resolve this contradiction, it is more accurate to estimate the specific energy consumption of diamond-abrasive machining of superhard materials through additional consideration, in addition to productivity and effective machining power, wear of the working layer of the wheel.
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