The influence of aspect ratio on the properties of cobalt nanowire-based magnetorheological fluids

ABSTRACT The yield stress of magnetorheological (MR) fluids has been shown to depend on particle morphology, but the exact nature of this contribution is still not fully understood. In this study, MR fluids containing 4 vol. % cobalt particles (spherical particles vs. nanowires) suspended in silicone oil were investigated. The influence of the aspect ratio on the rheological properties of suspensions that contained cobalt nanowires with aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 101 in increments of ~6 is described. The cobalt nanowires were fabricated using alumina template-based electrodeposition, producing wires with 305 ± 66 nm diameters. The shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate for increasing applied magnetic fields. The apparent yield stress and viscosity as a function of changing aspect ratio of the nanowire suspensions were determined. At a saturated magnetic flux density, the yield stress was found to increase linearly up to an aspect ratio of 23 (7.1 μm long wires) at which time the yield stress reached a plateau of 3.7 kPa even as the aspect ratio was further increased. As a comparison, suspensions containing 4 vol. % 1.6 μm spherical cobalt particles only reached a maximum yield stress of 1.6 kPa. Graphical abstract