An inclusive perception on pathogenesis, epidemiology and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is one of the most common and oldest human afflictions caused by the deadly pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its infection drastically increasing worldwide with time despite the application of various antibiotics and live attenuated vaccines. The major risk factor associated with tuberculosis is the long-term malfunction of the respiratory system that increases the deaths whereas the continuous emergence of drug-resistant MTB strains (MDR/TDR/XDR) acts as a driving force to accelerate additional obstacles to humankind. Researchers are effortlessly involved in a systematic examination of tuberculosis and drug designing against it but still, we could not find a permanent cure for tuberculosis. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to analyse pathogenesis, epidemiology and associated risk factors to plan an overall strategy against this deadly disease. In the present study, we have gone through a comprehensive literature survey to provide all related information that may assist us understanding this disease and designing strategic planning. This study would fill the gap created due to lack of knowledge on MTB infection and molecular mechanism which is the biggest hurdle in finding out a therapeutic lead against tuberculosis.