在肯尼亚企业环境破坏的背景下利用宪法规定的清洁和健康环境人权的变革潜力:一个批判性的视角

IF 3 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Rose Mwanza
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引用次数: 1

摘要

肯尼亚的企业环境破坏表现为人道主义和生态危害叠加在严重的环境治理挑战上的复杂组合。现有的法律框架既不能对防止伤害的发生起到足够的威慑作用,也不能在发生伤害时提供最佳的补救办法。法律固有的局限性主要是因为法律的设计是为了反映一种经济理性,即优先考虑经济增长和利润最大化。即使在这种合理性与法律设计之间的因果关系无法确定的情况下,法律的局限性最终也会使造成损害的公司肇事者受益。因此,法律促进了环境破坏成本的外部化,使企业犯罪者受益。享有清洁和健康环境的宪法人权是对这一问题的法律回应。根据人权批判理论的见解,本文认为,如果以一种优先考虑最大限度地保护人类和生态系统福祉的方式来解释这项权利,它可以成为对抗企业环境破坏的有效工具。以这种方式构建权利的前提是,新规范本身是一种新理性的反映,它由一套价值观构成,这些价值观不同于迄今为止在形成对环境破坏的法律和制度反应方面发挥主导作用的价值观。这些价值观应指导法院、行政人员和立法者履行各自的环境保护职责。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Harnessing the transformative potential of the constitutional human right to a clean and healthy environment in the context of corporate environmental damage in Kenya: a critical perspective
Corporate environmental damage in Kenya manifests as a complex mix of humanitarian and ecological harms superimposed over serious environmental governance challenges. The existing legal framework is neither a sufficient deterrent to prevent the occurrence of harm, nor does it offer optimal remedies whenever harm occurs. The limitations inherent in law are primarily because laws are designed to reflect an economic rationality that prioritizes economic growth and profit maximization above all else. Even in cases where a causal relationship between such a rationality and the design of law cannot be ascertained, the limitations of law ultimately inure to the benefit of corporate perpetrators of harm. As a result, the law facilitates the externalization of the costs of environmental damage to the advantage of corporate perpetrators. The constitutional human right to a clean and healthy environment stands as law's response to this problem. Drawing on insights from critical theories of human rights, this article argues that the right can be an effective instrument against corporate environmental damage if it is construed in a manner that prioritizes maximum protection of the well-being of humans and ecosystems. Constructing the right in this way assumes that the new norm is itself a reflection of a new rationality, constituted by a set of values different from those that have played a predominant role in shaping legal and institutional responses to environmental damage so far. These values should guide courts, administrators and legislators in the exercise of their respective environmental protection duties.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
期刊介绍: The relationship between human rights and the environment is fascinating, uneasy and increasingly urgent. This international journal provides a strategic academic forum for an extended interdisciplinary and multi-layered conversation that explores emergent possibilities, existing tensions, and multiple implications of entanglements between human and non-human forms of liveliness. We invite critical engagements on these themes, especially as refracted through human rights and environmental law, politics, policy-making and community level activisms.
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