克尔凯拉(科孚岛)精神病医院的诊断(1838-2000)。

Q3 Medicine
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Epub Date: 2022-11-24 DOI:10.22365/jpsych.2022.100
Dimitris Ploumpidis, Ioannis Triantafylloudis, Pentagiotissa Stefanatou, Zacharias Kalogerakis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

科孚岛精神病医院由(英国)爱奥尼亚州于1838年成立,1864年在希腊领土成立。它是希腊唯一的精神病医院,直到1887年雅典Dromokaition医院成立。在其漫长的历史中,许多患者的入院都具有当地特色,主要来自科孚岛、爱奥尼亚群岛,后来又来自希腊西部。直到20世纪50年代,我们可以继续努力改善建筑和患者护理,但我们也注意到男性和女性住院时间长,死亡率高。在1983年加入国家卫生系统之前,它一直是一个孤立的机构。在1986年开始了漫长的改革进程后,它于2006年关闭了大门。在今天的地方,有一个由社区精神病护理和康复单位组成的网络。基于医学和社会医院的书籍数据,本文重点研究了主要诊断的出现时间和最终退出时间。从1838年到2000年,共有15844人入院。我们注意到欧洲和希腊文献中首次描述诊断的时间。在19世纪,痴呆症的广泛诊断还包括我们时代的慢性精神分裂症病例。脂肪躁狂(1855年至1888年)、偏执狂(1845年至188年)和变性精神错乱(1902年至1952年)的诊断取决于这些理论的科学受众。不出所料,精神分裂症是1915年以来最主要的诊断。1862年至1945年,早发性痴呆和早发性失智症相继出现。在该机构的整个历史中,也观察到了大量的躁狂和忧郁症病例。自1859年以来,这两种症状的间歇性或周期性已经被记录下来,自1916年以来,Kraepelin的躁狂-抑郁性精神错乱也被记录下来。从1950年起,随着抗生素的使用,全身瘫痪(中枢神经系统梅毒)将消失。讨论了许多其他诊断的存在。从19世纪末开始,广泛使用的精神病概念逐渐取代了精神错乱和精神病。从20世纪40年代开始,我们还观察到“综合征”的使用,以描述精神病和情感障碍的临床图片。与已知的疾病学标准相比,这种综合征的使用可能与医学主任更自由地使用诊断的意愿有关。希腊在20世纪90年代引入ICD-10基本上实现了诊断的同质化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Diagnoses in the Psychiatric Hospital of Kerkyra (Corfu) (1838-2000).

The Psychiatric Hospital of Corfu was founded in 1838 by the (British) Ionian State and was joined in Greek territory in 1864. It was the unique psychiatric hospital in Greece, until the establishment of Dromokaition Hospital of Athens, in 1887. In its long history many of the patients' admissions had a local character, mainly from Corfu, the Ionian Islands, and later from Western Greece. Until the 1950s, we can follow efforts to improve buildings and patient care, but we note also long hospitalizations of men and women and high death rates. It had been an isolated institution until it joined the National Health System in 1983. It closed its doors in 2006, after a long reform process started in 1986. In its place today there is a network of community psychiatric care and rehabilitation units. Based on the medical and social hospital's books data, this paper focuses on the time of appearance and eventually withdrawal of the main diagnoses. 15844 admissions were recorded from 1838 to 2000. We note the time of first description of a diagnosis in European and Greek literature. In the 19th century, the wide diagnosis of dementia also included cases of chronic schizophrenia of our days. The diagnoses of lipomania (from 1855 to 1888), monomania (from 1845 to 1885), and degeneration insanity (from 1902 to 1952) depended on the scientific audience of these theories. Schizophrenia, as expected, was the leading one diagnosis, from 1915. Dementia praecox (πρωτογόνος άνοια in Greek) and precocious dementia were present from 1862 to 1945. Throughout the history of this institution, a large number of cases of mania and melancholia were also observed. Since 1859, the intermittent or cyclic nature of these two symptoms has been recorded, as well as since 1916, Kraepelin's manic-depressive insanity. From 1950, with the use of antibiotics, general paralysis (syphilis of the CNS) will disappear. The presence of many other diagnoses is discussed. From the end of the 19th century, the concept of widely used psychosis has gradually replaced insanity and phrenitis. From the 1940's, we also observe the use of "syndrome" in order also to describe clinical pictures of psychosis and affective disorders. This use of syndrome is probably related to the will of the medical directors of a freer use of diagnoses, compared to those included in the known nosography criteria. The homogenization of diagnoses in Greece was essentially accomplished by introducing ICD-10 in 1990s.

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Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki
Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki Medicine-Medicine (all)
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