探索21世纪的海洋生物多样性。

3区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Advances in Marine Biology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-07 DOI:10.1016/bs.amb.2022.09.002
Alex D Rogers, Ward Appeltans, Jorge Assis, Lisa T Ballance, Philippe Cury, Carlos Duarte, Fabio Favoretto, Lisa A Hynes, Joy A Kumagai, Catherine E Lovelock, Patricia Miloslavich, Aidin Niamir, David Obura, Bethan C O'Leary, Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Gabriel Reygondeau, Callum Roberts, Yvonne Sadovy, Oliver Steeds, Tracey Sutton, Derek P Tittensor, Enriqueta Velarde, Lucy Woodall, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza
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引用次数: 3

摘要

我们回顾了目前对海洋生物多样性的认识,以及物种和栖息地的下降程度和威胁。对海洋生物分布缺乏了解被认为是恢复海洋生物多样性和健康的一个重大障碍。我们探讨了为什么分类学科学未能提供海洋中存在的物种,它们如何分布以及它们如何应对全球和区域到当地的人为压力的知识。这一失败阻碍了各国履行其保护海洋生物多样性的国际承诺,结果导致许多国家对分类学的投资减少。我们探索了一系列新的技术和方法来发现海洋物种及其检测和监测。这些方法包括:成像方法、分子方法、主动和被动声学、互联数据库的使用和公民科学。虽然没有一种方法适合于发现或探测所有的生物群体,但许多方法是互补的,并已结合起来,以更全面地了解海洋生态系统中的生物多样性。我们认为,综合方法是加速物种发现、描述和生物多样性评估的最佳途径。从陆地生态系统中确定了综合分类方法的例子。这种综合分类学方法需要采用网络分类学方法,并将由新的自主采样平台和数据库之间机器速度数字信息交换的发展推动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Discovering marine biodiversity in the 21st century.

We review the current knowledge of the biodiversity of the ocean as well as the levels of decline and threat for species and habitats. The lack of understanding of the distribution of life in the ocean is identified as a significant barrier to restoring its biodiversity and health. We explore why the science of taxonomy has failed to deliver knowledge of what species are present in the ocean, how they are distributed and how they are responding to global and regional to local anthropogenic pressures. This failure prevents nations from meeting their international commitments to conserve marine biodiversity with the results that investment in taxonomy has declined in many countries. We explore a range of new technologies and approaches for discovery of marine species and their detection and monitoring. These include: imaging methods, molecular approaches, active and passive acoustics, the use of interconnected databases and citizen science. Whilst no one method is suitable for discovering or detecting all groups of organisms many are complementary and have been combined to give a more complete picture of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. We conclude that integrated approaches represent the best way forwards for accelerating species discovery, description and biodiversity assessment. Examples of integrated taxonomic approaches are identified from terrestrial ecosystems. Such integrated taxonomic approaches require the adoption of cybertaxonomy approaches and will be boosted by new autonomous sampling platforms and development of machine-speed exchange of digital information between databases.

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来源期刊
Advances in Marine Biology
Advances in Marine Biology MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Advances in Marine Biology was first published in 1963 under the founding editorship of Sir Frederick S. Russell, FRS. Now edited by Charles Sheppard, the serial publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics which will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology and biological oceanography. Eclectic volumes in the series are supplemented by thematic volumes on such topics as The Biology of Calanoid Copepods.
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