Spinal cord stimulator for the treatment of ischemic pain-Burger's disease and Raynaud's disease: A report of two cases and literature review.

Ischemic pain is the main symptom of a group of diseases that result in inadequate blood flow to the extremities and ischemia. In this symptomatology, two major diseases are distinguished: Critical vascular disease and Raynaud's phenomenon. Critical vascular disease background of atherosclerosis caused by diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Raynaud phenomenon is divided into primary and secondary form. The primary form is due to vasospasm and there is no underlying cause. Secondary form is associated with underlying connective tissue or rheumatic diseases, peripheral vascular diseases such as thromboangitis obliterans (Burger's disease). Clinical findings in Raynaud's disease are vasomotor changes with cold exposure such as bruising, coldness, painful paresthesias, and ulcers due to chronic ischemia. Clinic presentation in critical ischemic disease is intermittent claudication for earlier stage and resting pain, gangrene, necrosis, and trophic changes were added in advanced stages. The treatment of the Raynaud 's disease in early stage is medical and conservative. In case of advanced stage ischemic vascular disease, medical treatment resistant pain, insufficient response to endovascular treatment, and inoperabl cases, interventions such as sympathectomy and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can be applicable. SCS reduces vascular resistance through vasodilator mediators and increases blood flow. SCS also suppresses sympathetic vasoconstriction, increases tissue vascularity, reduces tissue damage, provides ulcer healing and pain reduction. In this report, we demonstrated that persistent Raynaud's disease and advanced stage Burger's disease were successfully treated with SCS.