[Participatory Action Research on perceptions, concerns and needs of health professionals in an emergency department from Argentina].

Introduction: To explore perceptions, concerns and needs of healthcare professionals in an emergency department (ED) from Argentina.

Methods: Participatory action research, coordinated and carried out by ED healthcare professionals, which included physicians, nurses and administrative staff who actively engaged in both data collection and analysis. Mixed methodologies were used: documentary analysis of complaints and written claims by patients, 10 individual interviews, and two reflective focus groups of 10 healthcare professionals (who differed in occupation, seniority and experience, including residents in training).

Results: The topics that emerged were work factors that lead to errors and threaten patient-centered clinical encounters: work overload and lack of time, the overuse of resources for defensive medicine purposes and technology that replaces physical contact. Healthcare professionals reported episodes of aggression by patients or their families, when long waits and structural insufficiencies (such as lack of beds, saturation of the waiting room, discomfort) threaten patience and tolerance. From these insights, improvements were generated in various areas of the ED.

Conclusions: The identification of problems by the ED stakeholders l was a relevant approach that led to a process of collective management change, promoted reflection and raised awareness, allowing the identification of areas for improvement, design strategies and concrete feasible proposals.