Nikolina Klarić, Matea Macan, Matej Par, Zrinka Tarle, Danijela Marović
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The control group was polymerized for a total of 40 s on both sides (1193 mW / cm<sup>2</sup>) and 3s group for 3 s on one side (3053 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). Water sorption and solubility were measured by ISO 4049 method up to 30 days of immersion. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc correction. Different polymerization protocols for the same material were compared by t-test (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3s polymerization protocol increased the solubility of all materials. Filtek One Bulk Fill showed the highest water sorption and solubility values, and Tetric PowerFlow proved to be a stable material with low values of tested parameters. During immersion, a saturation of specimens was achieved in low-viscosity bulk-fill composites within two weeks, while in other materials it was not achieved within 30 days, or more, following the immersion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rapid polymerization caused an increase in solubility, which could affect the biocompatibility of the investigated materials not intended for the 3s curing. SDR Plus and Filtek One Bulk Fill should not be polymerized with rapid high-intensity curing due to increased solubility that exceeds ISO 4049:2009 limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7154,"journal":{"name":"Acta Stomatologica Croatica","volume":"56 3","pages":"235-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/4a/ASC_56(3)_235-245.PMC9635498.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of Rapid Polymerization on Water Sorption and Solubility of Bulk-fill Composites.\",\"authors\":\"Nikolina Klarić, Matea Macan, Matej Par, Zrinka Tarle, Danijela Marović\",\"doi\":\"10.15644/asc56/3/2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to examine the impact of rapid high-intensity polymerization on water sorption and solubility of a new generation of bulk-fill composite materials.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Five materials were tested: a conventional composite Filtek Z250 (3M, St. Paul, USA) and four bulk-fill composites, Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M), Tetric PowerFill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent), SDR Plus (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany). Composite specimens with a 9-mm diameter and a 2-mm height (n = 6) were polymerized with a high-intensity curing unit (Bluephase® PowerCure, Ivoclar Vivadent). The control group was polymerized for a total of 40 s on both sides (1193 mW / cm<sup>2</sup>) and 3s group for 3 s on one side (3053 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). Water sorption and solubility were measured by ISO 4049 method up to 30 days of immersion. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc correction. Different polymerization protocols for the same material were compared by t-test (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3s polymerization protocol increased the solubility of all materials. Filtek One Bulk Fill showed the highest water sorption and solubility values, and Tetric PowerFlow proved to be a stable material with low values of tested parameters. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
目的:研究快速高强度聚合对新一代块体填充复合材料的吸水性和溶解度的影响。材料和方法:测试了五种材料:传统复合材料Filtek Z250 (3M, St. Paul, USA)和四种散装填充复合材料，Filtek One散装填充(3M)， Tetric PowerFill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan，列支敦士登)，Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent)， SDR Plus (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany)。采用高强度固化装置(Bluephase®PowerCure, Ivoclar Vivadent)对直径为9 mm、高度为2 mm的复合样品(n = 6)进行聚合。对照组两侧共聚合40 s (1193 mW/cm2)， 3s组一侧共聚合3s (3053 mW/cm2)。用ISO 4049法测定浸渍30天后的吸水性和溶解度。结果采用单因素方差分析和Tukey事后校正进行统计学分析。对同一种材料的不同聚合方案进行t检验(p)比较。结果表明:3s聚合方案提高了所有材料的溶解度。Filtek One Bulk Fill表现出最高的吸水性和溶解度值，Tetric PowerFlow被证明是一种稳定的材料，测试参数值低。在浸泡过程中，低粘度体填复合材料在两周内达到饱和，而在其他材料中，在浸泡后的30天或更长时间内无法达到饱和。结论:快速聚合导致溶解度增加，这可能会影响所研究材料的生物相容性，而不是用于3s固化。SDR Plus和Filtek One散装填料不应与快速高强度固化聚合，因为增加的溶解度超过了ISO 4049:2009的限制。
Effect of Rapid Polymerization on Water Sorption and Solubility of Bulk-fill Composites.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the impact of rapid high-intensity polymerization on water sorption and solubility of a new generation of bulk-fill composite materials.
Material and methods: Five materials were tested: a conventional composite Filtek Z250 (3M, St. Paul, USA) and four bulk-fill composites, Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M), Tetric PowerFill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent), SDR Plus (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany). Composite specimens with a 9-mm diameter and a 2-mm height (n = 6) were polymerized with a high-intensity curing unit (Bluephase® PowerCure, Ivoclar Vivadent). The control group was polymerized for a total of 40 s on both sides (1193 mW / cm2) and 3s group for 3 s on one side (3053 mW/cm2). Water sorption and solubility were measured by ISO 4049 method up to 30 days of immersion. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc correction. Different polymerization protocols for the same material were compared by t-test (p <0.05).
Results: The 3s polymerization protocol increased the solubility of all materials. Filtek One Bulk Fill showed the highest water sorption and solubility values, and Tetric PowerFlow proved to be a stable material with low values of tested parameters. During immersion, a saturation of specimens was achieved in low-viscosity bulk-fill composites within two weeks, while in other materials it was not achieved within 30 days, or more, following the immersion.
Conclusions: Rapid polymerization caused an increase in solubility, which could affect the biocompatibility of the investigated materials not intended for the 3s curing. SDR Plus and Filtek One Bulk Fill should not be polymerized with rapid high-intensity curing due to increased solubility that exceeds ISO 4049:2009 limits.
期刊介绍：
The Acta Stomatologica Croatica (ASCRO) is a leading scientific non-profit journal in the field of dental, oral and cranio-facial sciences during the past 44 years in Croatia. ASCRO publishes original scientific and clinical papers, preliminary communications, case reports, book reviews, letters to the editor and news. Review articles are published by invitation from the Editor-in-Chief by acclaimed professionals in distinct fields of dental medicine. All manuscripts are subjected to peer review process.
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