Rinad S Minvaleev, Alfred R Bogdanov, Rinat R Bogdanov, David P Bahner, Paul E Marik
{"title":"喜马拉雅环境下肿瘤瑜伽练习者的血流动力学观察。","authors":"Rinad S Minvaleev, Alfred R Bogdanov, Rinat R Bogdanov, David P Bahner, Paul E Marik","doi":"10.1089/acm.2013.0159","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few attempts have been made to evaluate the physiology of traditional Eastern health practices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the mysterious Buddhist practice of tumo. Tumo is a meditative practice that produces inner heat through the alleged cultivation of body energy-channels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed by members of an international expedition to the Himalayan Mountains in the Republic of India. The study was performed in an unpopulated outdoor mountainous area at an altitude of 16,400 ft with ambient temperatures between -10 and -15(°)C. Two (2) cohorts of subjects were studied: healthy non-yogi volunteers and tumo practitioners. All of the subjects were stripped down to their underclothes and exposed to the subzero atmospheric temperatures for 5 minutes. The volunteers were then passively rewarmed while the tumo practitioners performed tumo for up to 10 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume index (SVI) and cardiac index were measured noninvasively using a NICOM™ hemodynamic monitor, while carotid blood flow and biventricular performance were determined echocardiographically at each stage of the experiment. The total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were determined using standard formula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen (14) subjects (six volunteers and eight tumo practitioners) completed the study. There was one female subject in each group. With cold exposure, the SVI and carotid blood flow decreased while the TPRI increased significantly in both groups. In the volunteer group, these changes retuned to baseline with rewarming. Following tumo, the cardiac index (4.8±0.6 versus 4.0±0.5 l/m(2); p<0.01), carotid blood flow (445±127 versus 325±100 mL/min/m(2), p<0.01), LVEF (68±5 versus 64±7%; p<0.05) and TAPSE (2.9±0.4 versus 2.4±0.5 cm; p<0.01) were significantly higher when compared with baseline, while the TPRI was significantly lower (1786±189 versus 2173±281; p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tumo was associated with a hyperdynamic vasodilated state with increased biventricular performance. We postulate that tumo results in a massive increase in sympathetic activity with activation of brown adipose tissue and marked heat production. The increased heat production may explain the paradoxical vasodilatation in tumo practitioners exposed to subzero temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"295-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/acm.2013.0159","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Hemodynamic observations of tumo yoga practitioners in a Himalayan environment.\",\"authors\":\"Rinad S Minvaleev, Alfred R Bogdanov, Rinat R Bogdanov, David P Bahner, Paul E Marik\",\"doi\":\"10.1089/acm.2013.0159\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few attempts have been made to evaluate the physiology of traditional Eastern health practices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the mysterious Buddhist practice of tumo. Tumo is a meditative practice that produces inner heat through the alleged cultivation of body energy-channels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed by members of an international expedition to the Himalayan Mountains in the Republic of India. The study was performed in an unpopulated outdoor mountainous area at an altitude of 16,400 ft with ambient temperatures between -10 and -15(°)C. Two (2) cohorts of subjects were studied: healthy non-yogi volunteers and tumo practitioners. All of the subjects were stripped down to their underclothes and exposed to the subzero atmospheric temperatures for 5 minutes. The volunteers were then passively rewarmed while the tumo practitioners performed tumo for up to 10 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume index (SVI) and cardiac index were measured noninvasively using a NICOM™ hemodynamic monitor, while carotid blood flow and biventricular performance were determined echocardiographically at each stage of the experiment. The total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were determined using standard formula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen (14) subjects (six volunteers and eight tumo practitioners) completed the study. There was one female subject in each group. With cold exposure, the SVI and carotid blood flow decreased while the TPRI increased significantly in both groups. In the volunteer group, these changes retuned to baseline with rewarming. Following tumo, the cardiac index (4.8±0.6 versus 4.0±0.5 l/m(2); p<0.01), carotid blood flow (445±127 versus 325±100 mL/min/m(2), p<0.01), LVEF (68±5 versus 64±7%; p<0.05) and TAPSE (2.9±0.4 versus 2.4±0.5 cm; p<0.01) were significantly higher when compared with baseline, while the TPRI was significantly lower (1786±189 versus 2173±281; p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tumo was associated with a hyperdynamic vasodilated state with increased biventricular performance. We postulate that tumo results in a massive increase in sympathetic activity with activation of brown adipose tissue and marked heat production. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
背景:很少有人尝试评价传统东方保健做法的生理学。本研究的目的是评估神秘的佛教修行对血液动力学的影响。Tumo是一种冥想练习,通过所谓的身体能量通道的培养来产生内热。方法:本研究由前往印度共和国喜马拉雅山脉的国际探险队成员进行。该研究在海拔16400英尺的无人居住的户外山区进行,环境温度在-10到-15°C之间。研究了两组受试者:健康的非瑜伽志愿者和肿瘤从业者。所有的受试者都只穿了内衣,暴露在零下的大气温度下5分钟。然后,志愿者们被动地重新加热,而肿瘤医生则进行长达10分钟的肿瘤治疗。使用NICOM™血流动力学监测仪无创测量血压、心率、脑卒中容积指数(SVI)和心脏指数,同时在实验的每个阶段用超声心动图测定颈动脉血流量和双心室表现。采用标准公式测定总外周阻力指数(TPRI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和三尖瓣环平面收缩偏移(TAPSE)。结果:14名受试者(6名志愿者和8名肿瘤从业人员)完成了研究。每组有一名女性受试者。在低温暴露下,两组SVI和颈动脉血流量下降,而TPRI显著增加。在志愿者组中,这些变化随着变暖又回到了基线。肿瘤发生后,心脏指数(4.8±0.6 vs 4.0±0.5 l/m);结论:肿瘤与高动力血管舒张状态相关,双心室功能增加。我们假设肿瘤导致交感神经活动的大量增加,棕色脂肪组织的激活和显著的热量产生。增加的产热可以解释在肿瘤从业者暴露在零度以下的温度自相矛盾的血管扩张。
Hemodynamic observations of tumo yoga practitioners in a Himalayan environment.
Background: Few attempts have been made to evaluate the physiology of traditional Eastern health practices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the mysterious Buddhist practice of tumo. Tumo is a meditative practice that produces inner heat through the alleged cultivation of body energy-channels.
Methods: This study was performed by members of an international expedition to the Himalayan Mountains in the Republic of India. The study was performed in an unpopulated outdoor mountainous area at an altitude of 16,400 ft with ambient temperatures between -10 and -15(°)C. Two (2) cohorts of subjects were studied: healthy non-yogi volunteers and tumo practitioners. All of the subjects were stripped down to their underclothes and exposed to the subzero atmospheric temperatures for 5 minutes. The volunteers were then passively rewarmed while the tumo practitioners performed tumo for up to 10 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume index (SVI) and cardiac index were measured noninvasively using a NICOM™ hemodynamic monitor, while carotid blood flow and biventricular performance were determined echocardiographically at each stage of the experiment. The total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were determined using standard formula.
Results: Fourteen (14) subjects (six volunteers and eight tumo practitioners) completed the study. There was one female subject in each group. With cold exposure, the SVI and carotid blood flow decreased while the TPRI increased significantly in both groups. In the volunteer group, these changes retuned to baseline with rewarming. Following tumo, the cardiac index (4.8±0.6 versus 4.0±0.5 l/m(2); p<0.01), carotid blood flow (445±127 versus 325±100 mL/min/m(2), p<0.01), LVEF (68±5 versus 64±7%; p<0.05) and TAPSE (2.9±0.4 versus 2.4±0.5 cm; p<0.01) were significantly higher when compared with baseline, while the TPRI was significantly lower (1786±189 versus 2173±281; p<0.01).
Conclusions: Tumo was associated with a hyperdynamic vasodilated state with increased biventricular performance. We postulate that tumo results in a massive increase in sympathetic activity with activation of brown adipose tissue and marked heat production. The increased heat production may explain the paradoxical vasodilatation in tumo practitioners exposed to subzero temperatures.