A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Reproductive and Neonatal Health in Rural and Low-Income Areas in India.

A systematic review of four relevant databases for articles about the use of telemedicine to expand access to neonatal and reproductive health in rural India was conducted. The objective of this review was to identify initiatives with evidence for potential public health benefits through large-scale implementation. Of 3,098 records from the initial search, 1,415 records were selected for further review after removing duplicates. Eight reports that met the eligibility and inclusion criteria were included in the final review. Selected studies included two types of interventions, direct telemedicine interventions with patients and indirect telemedicine interventions through frontline health care workers. Among studies involving direct telemedicine interventions, 22.4% of the collective health and knowledge outcomes (n = 49) showed statistically significant improvement in the intervention group, whereas 38.0% of the collective health and knowledge outcomes (n = 50) in the studies involving indirect telemedicine intervention showed statistically significant improvement. This systematic review suggested that the use of telemedicine interventions may have a statistically significant effect through educational impacts. There were certain limitations around the use of technology and training that may have undermined the effects of some of the outcomes. This systematic review did not receive any funding.