Ali Abdulqader Bin-Salem, Tat-Chee Wan, Hamad Naeem, Mohammed Anbar, Sabri M Hanshi, Abdellah Redjaimia
{"title":"提高LTE/LTE- a网络链路自适应性能的有效模型。","authors":"Ali Abdulqader Bin-Salem, Tat-Chee Wan, Hamad Naeem, Mohammed Anbar, Sabri M Hanshi, Abdellah Redjaimia","doi":"10.1186/s13638-022-02091-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Link adaptation (LA) is the ability to adapt the modulation scheme (MS) and the coding rate of the error correction in accordance with the quality of the radio link. The MS plays an important role in enhancing the performance of LTE/LTE-A, which is typically dependent on the received signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, using the SNR to select the proper MSs is not enough given that adaptive MSs are sensitive to error. Meanwhile, non-optimal MS selection may seriously impair the system performance and hence degrades LA. In LTE/ LTE-A, the LA system must be designed and optimized in accordance with the characteristics of the physical (e.g., MSs) and MAC layers (e.g., Packet loss) to enhance the channel efficiency and throughput. Accordingly, this study proposes using two LA models to overcome the problem. The first model, named the cross-layer link adaptation (CLLA) model, is based on the downward cross-layer approach. This model is designed to overcome the accuracy issue of adaptive modulation in existing systems and improve the channel efficiency and throughput. The second model, named the Markov decision process over the CLLA (MDP-CLLA) model, is designed to improve on the selection of modulation levels. Besides that, our previous contribution, namely the modified alpha-Shannon capacity formula, is adopted as part of the MDP-CLLA model to enhance the link adaptation of LTE/LTE-A. The effectiveness of the proposed models is evaluated in terms of throughput and packet loss for different packet sizes using the MATLAB and Simulink environments for the single input single output (SISO) mode for transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels. In addition, phase productivity, which is defined as the multiplication of the total throughput for a specific modulation with the difference between adjacent modulation SNR threshold values, is used to determine the best model for specific packet sizes in addition to determine the optimal packet size for specific packet sizes among models. Results generally showed that the throughput improved from 87.5 to 89.6% for (QPSK <math><mo>→</mo></math> 16-QAM) and from 0 to 43.3% for (16-QAM <math><mo>→</mo></math> 64-QAM) modulation transitions, respectively, using the CLLA model when compared with the existing system. Moreover, the throughput using the MDP-CLLA model was improved by 87.5-88.6% and by 0-43.2% for the (QPSK <math><mo>→</mo></math> 16-QAM)and (16-QAM <math><mo>→</mo></math> 64-QAM) modulation transitions, respectively, when compared with the CLLA model and the existing system. Results were also validated for each model via the summation of the phase productivity for every modulation at specific packet sizes, followed by the application one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis with a post hoc test, to prove that the MDP-CLLA model improves with best high efficiency than the CLLA model and the existing system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12040,"journal":{"name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8809635/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Efficient models for enhancing the link adaptation performance of LTE/LTE-A networks.\",\"authors\":\"Ali Abdulqader Bin-Salem, Tat-Chee Wan, Hamad Naeem, Mohammed Anbar, Sabri M Hanshi, Abdellah Redjaimia\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13638-022-02091-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Link adaptation (LA) is the ability to adapt the modulation scheme (MS) and the coding rate of the error correction in accordance with the quality of the radio link. The MS plays an important role in enhancing the performance of LTE/LTE-A, which is typically dependent on the received signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, using the SNR to select the proper MSs is not enough given that adaptive MSs are sensitive to error. Meanwhile, non-optimal MS selection may seriously impair the system performance and hence degrades LA. In LTE/ LTE-A, the LA system must be designed and optimized in accordance with the characteristics of the physical (e.g., MSs) and MAC layers (e.g., Packet loss) to enhance the channel efficiency and throughput. Accordingly, this study proposes using two LA models to overcome the problem. The first model, named the cross-layer link adaptation (CLLA) model, is based on the downward cross-layer approach. This model is designed to overcome the accuracy issue of adaptive modulation in existing systems and improve the channel efficiency and throughput. The second model, named the Markov decision process over the CLLA (MDP-CLLA) model, is designed to improve on the selection of modulation levels. Besides that, our previous contribution, namely the modified alpha-Shannon capacity formula, is adopted as part of the MDP-CLLA model to enhance the link adaptation of LTE/LTE-A. The effectiveness of the proposed models is evaluated in terms of throughput and packet loss for different packet sizes using the MATLAB and Simulink environments for the single input single output (SISO) mode for transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels. In addition, phase productivity, which is defined as the multiplication of the total throughput for a specific modulation with the difference between adjacent modulation SNR threshold values, is used to determine the best model for specific packet sizes in addition to determine the optimal packet size for specific packet sizes among models. Results generally showed that the throughput improved from 87.5 to 89.6% for (QPSK <math><mo>→</mo></math> 16-QAM) and from 0 to 43.3% for (16-QAM <math><mo>→</mo></math> 64-QAM) modulation transitions, respectively, using the CLLA model when compared with the existing system. Moreover, the throughput using the MDP-CLLA model was improved by 87.5-88.6% and by 0-43.2% for the (QPSK <math><mo>→</mo></math> 16-QAM)and (16-QAM <math><mo>→</mo></math> 64-QAM) modulation transitions, respectively, when compared with the CLLA model and the existing system. Results were also validated for each model via the summation of the phase productivity for every modulation at specific packet sizes, followed by the application one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis with a post hoc test, to prove that the MDP-CLLA model improves with best high efficiency than the CLLA model and the existing system.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12040,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8809635/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"94\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02091-w\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"计算机科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/2/2 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02091-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/2/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient models for enhancing the link adaptation performance of LTE/LTE-A networks.
Link adaptation (LA) is the ability to adapt the modulation scheme (MS) and the coding rate of the error correction in accordance with the quality of the radio link. The MS plays an important role in enhancing the performance of LTE/LTE-A, which is typically dependent on the received signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, using the SNR to select the proper MSs is not enough given that adaptive MSs are sensitive to error. Meanwhile, non-optimal MS selection may seriously impair the system performance and hence degrades LA. In LTE/ LTE-A, the LA system must be designed and optimized in accordance with the characteristics of the physical (e.g., MSs) and MAC layers (e.g., Packet loss) to enhance the channel efficiency and throughput. Accordingly, this study proposes using two LA models to overcome the problem. The first model, named the cross-layer link adaptation (CLLA) model, is based on the downward cross-layer approach. This model is designed to overcome the accuracy issue of adaptive modulation in existing systems and improve the channel efficiency and throughput. The second model, named the Markov decision process over the CLLA (MDP-CLLA) model, is designed to improve on the selection of modulation levels. Besides that, our previous contribution, namely the modified alpha-Shannon capacity formula, is adopted as part of the MDP-CLLA model to enhance the link adaptation of LTE/LTE-A. The effectiveness of the proposed models is evaluated in terms of throughput and packet loss for different packet sizes using the MATLAB and Simulink environments for the single input single output (SISO) mode for transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels. In addition, phase productivity, which is defined as the multiplication of the total throughput for a specific modulation with the difference between adjacent modulation SNR threshold values, is used to determine the best model for specific packet sizes in addition to determine the optimal packet size for specific packet sizes among models. Results generally showed that the throughput improved from 87.5 to 89.6% for (QPSK 16-QAM) and from 0 to 43.3% for (16-QAM 64-QAM) modulation transitions, respectively, using the CLLA model when compared with the existing system. Moreover, the throughput using the MDP-CLLA model was improved by 87.5-88.6% and by 0-43.2% for the (QPSK 16-QAM)and (16-QAM 64-QAM) modulation transitions, respectively, when compared with the CLLA model and the existing system. Results were also validated for each model via the summation of the phase productivity for every modulation at specific packet sizes, followed by the application one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis with a post hoc test, to prove that the MDP-CLLA model improves with best high efficiency than the CLLA model and the existing system.
期刊介绍:
The overall aim of the EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (EURASIP JWCN) is to bring together science and applications of wireless communications and networking technologies with emphasis on signal processing techniques and tools. It is directed at both practicing engineers and academic researchers. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking will highlight the continued growth and new challenges in wireless technology, for both application development and basic research. Articles should emphasize original results relating to the theory and/or applications of wireless communications and networking. Review articles, especially those emphasizing multidisciplinary views of communications and networking, are also welcome. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking employs a paperless, electronic submission and evaluation system to promote a rapid turnaround in the peer-review process.
The journal is an Open Access journal since 2004.