Expanding the spectrum of Gorham Stout disease exploring a single center pediatric case series.

Gorham-Stout Disease (GSD), also named vanishing bone disease, is an ultrarare condition characterized by progressive osteolysis with intraosseous lymphatic vessel proliferation and bone cortical loss. So far, about 300 cases have been reported. It may occur at any age but more commonly affects children and young adults. The aim of this study is to retrospectively review our internal patient series and to hypothesize a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol for earlier diagnosis and treatment. Clinical datasets from our center were examined to identify all GSD patients for collection and analysis. We identified 9 pediatric cases and performed a retrospective case-series review to examine and document both diagnosis and treatment. We found that delay in diagnosis after first symptoms played a critical role in determining morbidity and that multidisciplinary care is key for proper diagnosis and treatment. Our study provides additional insight to improve the critical challenge of early diagnosis and highlights a multidisciplinary treatment approach for the most appropriate management of patients with rare GSD disease. Although GSD is an ultrarare disease, physicians should keep in mind the main clinical features since neglected cases may result in potentially fatal complications.