Concealed Coronary Atherosclerosis In Idiopathic Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Imminent Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Previous research showed a significant difference in the presence of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) on cardiac CT angiography (CTA) between patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (iAF) versus a matched sinus rhythm population (iSR). Here we present 5-year follow-up data and the consequences of subclinical CAD on baseline CTA on the development of cardiovascular disease in iAF.

Methods: In 99 iAF patients (who underwent CTA as part of work-up for pulmonary vein isolation) and 221 matched iSR controls (who underwent CTA for CAD assessment), the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and major cardiovascular events (MACCE) during follow-up was obtained. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to reveal predictors of incident cardiovascular disease in the iAF group.

Results: During a follow-up of 68±11 months, over one third of patients developed cardiovascular disease, with no difference between iAF and iSR (log-rank p=0.56), and comparable low rates of MACCE (4.0% vs 5.0%,p=0.71). Within the iAF group, age (HR1.12(1.03-1.20);p=0.006), left atrial diameter (HR1.16(1.03-1.31);p=0.01), Segment Involvement Score (total number of coronary segments with atherosclerotic plaque; HR1.43(1.09-1.89);p=0.01) and the number of calcified plaques on CTA (HR0.53(0.30-0.92);p=0.01) were independent predictors of incident cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions: Subclinical coronary disease on CTA may be useful to identify the subset of patients with iAF that harbour concealed cardiovascular risk factors and need intensive clinical follow-up to ensure timely initiation of appropriate therapy once CV disease develops, including anticoagulation and vascular prophylactic therapy.