Henna Zahid, Andy M Lau, Sharon M Kelly, Kersti Karu, Jayesh Gor, Stephen J Perkins, Lindsay C McDermott
{"title":"锌α2糖蛋白凹槽中多种脂质结合模式的鉴定揭示了其功能的多功能性。","authors":"Henna Zahid, Andy M Lau, Sharon M Kelly, Kersti Karu, Jayesh Gor, Stephen J Perkins, Lindsay C McDermott","doi":"10.1111/febs.16293","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ZAG is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a class I MHC-like protein fold and an α1-α2 lipid-binding groove. The intrinsic ZAG ligand is unknown. Our previous studies showed that ZAG binds the dansylated C<sub>11</sub> fatty acid, DAUDA, differently to the boron dipyrromethane C<sub>16</sub> fatty acid, C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY. Here, the molecular basis for this difference was elucidated. Multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifugation confirmed that DAUDA and C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY individually bind to ZAG and compete for the same binding site. Molecular docking of lipid-binding in the structurally related Cluster of differentiation 1 proteins predicted nine conserved ligand contact residues in ZAG. Twelve mutants were accordingly created by alanine scanning site directed mutagenesis for characterisation. Mutation of Y12 caused ZAG to misfold. Mutation of K147, R157 and A158 abrogated C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY but not DAUDA binding. L69 and T169 increased the fluorescence emission intensity of C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY but not of DAUDA compared to wild-type ZAG and showed that C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY binds close to T169 and L69. Distance measurements of the crystal structure revealed K147 forms a salt bridge with D83. A range of bioactive bulky lipids including phospholipids and sphingolipids displaced DAUDA from the ZAG binding site but unexpectedly did not displace C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY. We conclude that the ZAG α1-α2 groove contains separate but overlapping sites for DAUDA and C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY and is involved in binding to a bulkier and wider repertoire of lipids than previously reported. This work suggested that the in vivo activity of ZAG may be dictated by its lipid ligand.</p>","PeriodicalId":12261,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Identification of diverse lipid-binding modes in the groove of zinc α<sub>2</sub> glycoprotein reveals its functional versatility.\",\"authors\":\"Henna Zahid, Andy M Lau, Sharon M Kelly, Kersti Karu, Jayesh Gor, Stephen J Perkins, Lindsay C McDermott\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/febs.16293\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>ZAG is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a class I MHC-like protein fold and an α1-α2 lipid-binding groove. The intrinsic ZAG ligand is unknown. Our previous studies showed that ZAG binds the dansylated C<sub>11</sub> fatty acid, DAUDA, differently to the boron dipyrromethane C<sub>16</sub> fatty acid, C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY. Here, the molecular basis for this difference was elucidated. Multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifugation confirmed that DAUDA and C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY individually bind to ZAG and compete for the same binding site. Molecular docking of lipid-binding in the structurally related Cluster of differentiation 1 proteins predicted nine conserved ligand contact residues in ZAG. Twelve mutants were accordingly created by alanine scanning site directed mutagenesis for characterisation. Mutation of Y12 caused ZAG to misfold. Mutation of K147, R157 and A158 abrogated C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY but not DAUDA binding. L69 and T169 increased the fluorescence emission intensity of C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY but not of DAUDA compared to wild-type ZAG and showed that C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY binds close to T169 and L69. Distance measurements of the crystal structure revealed K147 forms a salt bridge with D83. A range of bioactive bulky lipids including phospholipids and sphingolipids displaced DAUDA from the ZAG binding site but unexpectedly did not displace C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY. We conclude that the ZAG α1-α2 groove contains separate but overlapping sites for DAUDA and C<sub>16</sub> -BODIPY and is involved in binding to a bulkier and wider repertoire of lipids than previously reported. This work suggested that the in vivo activity of ZAG may be dictated by its lipid ligand.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12261,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"FEBS Journal\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"FEBS Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16293\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2021/12/7 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"FEBS Journal","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16293","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/12/7 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Identification of diverse lipid-binding modes in the groove of zinc α2 glycoprotein reveals its functional versatility.
ZAG is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a class I MHC-like protein fold and an α1-α2 lipid-binding groove. The intrinsic ZAG ligand is unknown. Our previous studies showed that ZAG binds the dansylated C11 fatty acid, DAUDA, differently to the boron dipyrromethane C16 fatty acid, C16 -BODIPY. Here, the molecular basis for this difference was elucidated. Multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifugation confirmed that DAUDA and C16 -BODIPY individually bind to ZAG and compete for the same binding site. Molecular docking of lipid-binding in the structurally related Cluster of differentiation 1 proteins predicted nine conserved ligand contact residues in ZAG. Twelve mutants were accordingly created by alanine scanning site directed mutagenesis for characterisation. Mutation of Y12 caused ZAG to misfold. Mutation of K147, R157 and A158 abrogated C16 -BODIPY but not DAUDA binding. L69 and T169 increased the fluorescence emission intensity of C16 -BODIPY but not of DAUDA compared to wild-type ZAG and showed that C16 -BODIPY binds close to T169 and L69. Distance measurements of the crystal structure revealed K147 forms a salt bridge with D83. A range of bioactive bulky lipids including phospholipids and sphingolipids displaced DAUDA from the ZAG binding site but unexpectedly did not displace C16 -BODIPY. We conclude that the ZAG α1-α2 groove contains separate but overlapping sites for DAUDA and C16 -BODIPY and is involved in binding to a bulkier and wider repertoire of lipids than previously reported. This work suggested that the in vivo activity of ZAG may be dictated by its lipid ligand.
期刊介绍:
The FEBS Journal is an international journal devoted to the rapid publication of full-length papers covering a wide range of topics in any area of the molecular life sciences. The criteria for acceptance are originality and high quality research, which will provide novel perspectives in a specific area of research, and will be of interest to our broad readership.
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