The multifaceted contributions of long noncoding RNAs on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease worldwide [1]. Consensus guidelines for the management of CKD in patients with diabetes recommend control of hyperglycemia and hypertension as well as the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers, and, more recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor [2, 3]. Nonetheless, despite extensive studies on the pathogenesis and development of DKD over the past three decades, a significant risk of DKD progression remains, and hence novel approaches and therapies are needed to prevent its occurrence.