对孟加拉国铅污染的重要审查。

IF 2.4 Q1 Medicine
Journal of Health and Pollution Pub Date : 2021-08-17 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI:10.5696/2156-9614-11.31.210902
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder, Abdullah Al Nayeem, Mahmuda Islam, Mohammed Mahadi Akter, William S Carter
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引用次数: 7

摘要

背景:铅对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁。随着无计划的工业化和城市化、铅冶炼和铅酸电池加工,全球铅的生产和消费大幅增加。对含铅元素管理不当是造成铅污染的原因。铅在自然界中的持久性和在食物链中的生物积累可能会对健康产生不利影响。目的:本研究旨在描述孟加拉国的铅污染地点以及大气、水、沉积物、土壤、蔬菜、鱼类、,方法:本研究根据预先定义的一组标准(关键词、同行评审期刊和Scopus、Science Direct、Web of Science、Springer、PubMed、开放获取期刊目录,以及孟加拉国在线期刊(BanglaJOL)和排除标准(掠夺性期刊和缺乏英文全文),最终选择了63篇文章(58篇研究文章和5篇报告)。结合并介绍了孟加拉国铅暴露、来源、途径、饮食和影响的相关研究结果。结果:经审查的研究通过对孟加拉国土壤样本的评估,确定了175个铅污染地点。该研究测定了空气(0.09-376.58μg/m3,平均21.31μg/m3)、河水(0.0009-18.7 mg/l,平均1.07 mg/l)、河流沉积物(4.9-69.75 mg/kg,平均32.08 mg/kg)、鱼类(0.018-30.8 mg/kg,平均5.01 mg/kg)、土壤(7.3-445 mg/kg,68.8%、9.7%和100%的样本分别超过了世界卫生组织(世界卫生组织)、粮食及农业组织(粮农组织)、美国环境保护局(USEPA)和孟加拉国标准检测机构(BSTI)的相关指南。本研究发现,孟加拉国的工业土壤受到Pb(7.3-445 mg/kg)的严重污染。在鱼类肌肉和食物中发现了高铅浓度,包括从孟加拉国不同地方收集的叶菜和非叶菜。结论:铅污染的食物可以通过饮食摄入进入人体,从而导致长期的不良健康影响。这项研究可能有助于政策制定者制定国家政策,制定有效的缓解计划,以应对孟加拉国铅对健康的不利影响。竞争利益:作者宣布没有竞争性经济利益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Critical Review of Lead Pollution in Bangladesh.

Critical Review of Lead Pollution in Bangladesh.

Critical Review of Lead Pollution in Bangladesh.

Critical Review of Lead Pollution in Bangladesh.

Background: Lead (Pb) poses a severe threat to human health and the environment. Worldwide Pb production and consumption have significantly increased along with unplanned industrialization and urbanization, lead smelting, and lead-acid battery processing. The improper management of Pb-containing elements is responsible for Pb pollution. Lead's persistence in nature and bioaccumulation in the food chain can lead to adverse health impacts.

Objectives: The present study aims to describe Pb contaminated sites in Bangladesh and Pb concentration in the atmosphere, water, sediments, soil, vegetables, fish, and other foods in Bangladesh.

Methods: The present study searched a total of 128 peer-reviewed articles based on a predefined set of criteria (keywords, peer-reviewed journals, and indexing in Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Bangladesh Journals Online (BanglaJOL) and exclusion criteria (predatory journal and absence of full text in English) and finally selected 63 articles (58 research articles and five (5) reports). The relevant findings on Pb exposure, sources, routes, diet, and impacts in Bangladesh were combined and presented.

Results: The reviewed studies identified 175 Pb contaminated sites through soil sample assessment in Bangladesh. The study determined Pb concentrations in air (0.09-376.58 μg/m3, mean 21.31 μg/m3), river water (0.0009-18.7 mg/l, mean 1.07 mg/l), river sediments (4.9-69.75 mg/kg, mean 32.08 mg/kg), fish (0.018-30.8 mg/kg, mean 5.01 mg/kg), soil (7.3-445 mg/kg, mean 90.34 mg/kg), vegetables (0.2-22.09 mg/kg, mean 4.33 mg/kg) and diet items (0.001-413.9 mg/kg, mean 43.22 mg/kg) of which 38.8%, 27.8%, 54.5%, 68.8%, 9.7% and 100% of samples, respectively, exceeded related World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Bangladesh Standard Testing Institution (BSTI) guidelines. The present study found that industrial soils are severely polluted with Pb (7.3-445 mg/kg) in Bangladesh. A high Pb concentration has been found in fish muscle and foods, including leafy and non-leafy vegetables collected from different places in Bangladesh.

Conclusions: Lead-contaminated foods can enter the human body through dietary intake and consequently lead to long-term adverse health effects. This study may help policymakers to formulate national policies with effective mitigation plans to combat the adverse health impacts of Pb in Bangladesh.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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来源期刊
Journal of Health and Pollution
Journal of Health and Pollution Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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