模拟意外火灾中污染物的扩散,重点是源表征。

IF 2.4 Q1 Medicine
Journal of Health and Pollution Pub Date : 2021-06-17 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI:10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210612
Marzio Invernizzi, Francesca Tagliaferri, Selena Sironi, Gianni Tinarelli, Laura Capelli
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引用次数: 2

摘要

背景:石油和天然气加工设施中的储罐含有大量易燃化合物。燃料-空气混合物一旦被点燃,就可能引发大火或爆炸。人们对监测空气质量和评估健康风险的兴趣日益浓厚,这使得对火灾后果的评估成为一个重要问题。大气弥散模式能够模拟污染物的空间分布,是这类评价日益广泛使用的工具。目的:本研究讨论了与炼油厂假想火灾相关的建模研究的建立和结果。方法:在选择最合适的离散模型,即拉格朗日模型SPRAY和puff模型CALPUFF后,讨论所需输入数据的估计,重点关注代表最不确定输入数据的源变量。将模拟结果与监管限制进行比较,以有效评估环境后果。最后,采用敏感性分析来确定最具影响力的变量。结果:模拟结果显示,地面浓度值远低于引用的长期限值。然而,最有趣的结果是,根据色散模型和建模的源类型,可能得到不同的结果。此外,敏感性研究表明,源面积是最关键的变量,因为它根据模拟源类型决定了显著不同的行为,在某些情况下,选定受体上污染物地面浓度的变异性可达+/- 60%。结论:根据所选择的模型和可用于描述发射物理的算法,结果对输入变量的敏感性不同。虽然这可以从数学的角度来解释,但问题仍然是逐案选择最接近所调查的附带源的真实行为的选项。利益竞争:作者声明没有经济利益竞争。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Simulating Pollutant Dispersion from Accidental Fires with a Focus on Source Characterization.

Simulating Pollutant Dispersion from Accidental Fires with a Focus on Source Characterization.

Simulating Pollutant Dispersion from Accidental Fires with a Focus on Source Characterization.

Simulating Pollutant Dispersion from Accidental Fires with a Focus on Source Characterization.

Background: Storage tanks in oil and gas processing facilities contain large volumes of flammable compounds. Once the fuel-air mixture is ignited, it may break out into a large fire or explosion. The growing interest in monitoring air quality and assessing health risks makes the evaluation of the consequences of a fire an important issue. Atmospheric dispersion models, which allow for simulation of the spatial distribution of pollutants, represent an increasingly widespread tool for this type of evaluations.

Objectives: The present study discusses the set up and results of a modeling study relevant to a hypothesized fire in an oil refinery.

Methods: After choosing the most suitable dispersion models, i.e. the Lagrangian model SPRAY and the puff model CALPUFF, estimation of the required input data is discussed, focusing on the source variables, which represent the most uncertain input data. The results of the simulations were compared to regulatory limits to effectively evaluate the environmental consequences. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was employed to identify the most influential variables.

Results: The simulation results revealed that ground concentration values were far below the cited long-term limits. However, the most interesting outcome is that depending on the dispersion model and the source type modeled, different results may be obtained. In addition, the sensitivity study indicates that the source area is the most critical variable, since it determines a significantly different behavior depending on the modeled source types, producing, in some cases, variability in the pollutant ground concentrations on selected receptors up to +/- 60%.

Conclusions: Depending on the selected model and the algorithms available to describe the physics of emission, the results showed a different sensitivity to the input variables. Although this can be explained from a mathematical point of view, the problem remains of choosing case by case the option that best approximates the real behavior of the incidental source under investigation.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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来源期刊
Journal of Health and Pollution
Journal of Health and Pollution Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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