Isolation and Characterization of Chemo-Resistant Stem Cells from a Mouse Model of Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer.

Rationale: Loss of function mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes is the primary genetic defects in high-risk hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). Cytotoxic chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory drugs are potential treatment options. These treatment options lead to systemic toxicity, acquired tumor resistance and the emergence of drug-resistant stem cells. A colonic epithelial cell culture model expressing the relevant genetic defects in chemo-resistant stem cells provides a relevant experimental system for HNPCC.

Objective: To develop a colonic epithelial cell culture system from a mouse model for HNPCC and to isolate and characterize drug-resistant stem cells.

Experimental models and biomarkers: The Mlh₁ ^[-/-]/Apc ^[-/-] Mlh₁/1638N COL-Cl₁ cells is a mouse model for HNPCC, and the 5-fluoro-uracil resistant (5-FU-R) phenotype represents a model for the drug-resistant stem cells. Tumor spheroid formation, and the expression of CD44, CD133 and c-Myc represent stem cell markers.

Results: The HNPCC model exhibits aneuploidy, hyper-proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression and downregulated cellular apoptosis. Long-term exposure to 5-FU selects for the drug-resistant phenotype. These resistant cells exhibit increased formation of tumor spheroids and upregulated expression of cancer stem cell markers CD44, CD133 and c-Myc.

Conclusion: In the present study, a stem cell model for HNPCC was validated and offered a novel experimental approach to test stem cell-targeted alternatives to drug-resistant therapy.