Mental distress in ongoing conflict and non-conflict settings during COVID-19: a study on Syrians in different countries.

When applying cut-off points, Syrians in Syria comprised of 72 (31 3%) with avoidance symptoms, 106 (46 5%) with arousal symptoms, and 103 (45 4%) with re-experience symptoms, whereas Syrians outside Syria comprised of 96 (41 6%) with avoidance symptoms, 112 (49 6%) with arousal symptoms, and 111 (50 5%) with re-experience symptoms [ ]only avoidance was significantly more frequent in Syria (p = 0 022) K10 scores, days unable to work, social support and PTSD in different countries Characteristic Syria mean (s d ) Outside Syria mean (s d ) p value Nearby country mean (s d ) Canada mean (s d ) Egypt mean (s d ) UAE mean (s d ) Russia mean (s d ) Germany mean (s d ) p valuea Arousal 1 55 (1 427) 1 79 (1 563) 0 089 1 80 (1 560) 1 46 (1 266) 1 69 (1 569) 1 96 (1 641) 2 73 (1 272) 1 56 (1 586) 0 131 Avoidance 1 82 (1 726) 2 17 (1 889) 0 035 2 59 (1 968) 1 69 (1 974) 2 04 (1 605) 2 17 (1 872) 2 00 (2 145) 1 82 (1 820) 0 067 Re-experience 0 93 (1 284) 1 21 (1 600) 0 042 1 38 (1 686) 1 00 (1 206) 0 85 (1 287) 1 27 (1 724) 1 18 (1 471) 1 15 (1 638) 0 307 Total SPTSS 4 30 (3 735) 5 07 (4 422) 0 045 5 71 (4 630) 4 08 (3 796) 4 48 (3 435) 5 27 (4 698) 5 91 (4 571) 4 39 (4 422) 0 158 Friends support 15 620 (7 5494) 15 232 (7 7590) 0 590 15 372 (8 1975) 14 269 (8 9550) 15 115 (6 4750) 16 848 (8 0415) 7 727 (4 5131) 15 481 (7 0557) 0 038 Family support 19 097 (6 9193) 19 613 (6 8274) 0 423 18 633 (6 9157) 19 500 (9 0692) 19 058 (6 5793) 20 924 (6 6533) 20 500 (7 5299) 19 972 (6 2935) 0 632 Significant other support 19 273 (7 6526) 20 226 (7 3404) 0 174 19 880 (6 8556) 19 923 (8 4307) 19 111 (8 1090) 21 340 (7 4324) 18 864 (7 7495) 20 636 (7 3500) 0 653 Total social support 53 85 (18 307) 54 55 (18 263) 0 686 53 68 (17 675) 53 69 (21 092) 52 02 (19 812) 58 31 (19 702) 47 09 (15 152) 55 45 (16 854) 0 567 Total K 10 support 22 5633 (8 74049) 23 4474 (9 63162) 0 305 23 8108 (9 26131) 20 1538 (10 91517) 24 6071 (10 71288) 24 4681 (8 74481) 20 3636 (7 24255) 22 8909 (10 42375) 0 508 Days unable to work in the past 4 weeks 7 81 (11 050) 179 220 15 (2 444 117 919) 0 326 584 802 67 (4 415 106 822) 5 55 (9 048) 5 41 (6 681) 14 82 (58 913) 7 44 (7 502) 7 88 (7 860) 0 493 We used one-way analysis of variance and independent t test in this table a This p value is when comparing Syria with the previous countries [ ]there were no significant differences in the relationship with the partner and housemates, being distressed from war noise, being themselves or family exposed/infected to COVID-19, being hospitalized, self-quarantined with or without symptoms, losing jobs, and worries of work and study being affected [ ]as Syria did not have many active cases and the conflict was relatively less severe at the time of this study, Syrians in Syria were particularly concerned about providing food and a reduced ability to earn