{"title":"薄层色谱法。","authors":"Georg Hölzl, Peter Dörmann","doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid extracts from plants represent a mixture of polar membrane lipids and nonpolar lipids. The main constituents of the polar lipid fraction are glycerolipids, that is, galactolipids, sulfolipid, and phospholipids. In addition, betaine lipids are found in pteridophytes, bryophytes, and algae. Nonpolar lipids include the storage lipid triacylglycerol, wax esters, diacylglycerol and free fatty acids. The complex lipid mixtures from plant tissues can be separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into different lipid classes. In most cases glass plates coated with a silica gel are used as stationary phase and an organic solvent as mobile phase. Different solvent systems are required to separate polar membrane lipids or nonpolar lipids by TLC. Depending on the complexity of the lipid mixture, lipids are separated using one- or two-dimensional TLC systems. Different dyes and reagents allow the visualization of all lipid classes, or the selective staining of glycolipids or phospholipids. Lipids can be isolated from the TLC plate for subsequent analysis, provided that nondestructive methods are used for visualization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18490,"journal":{"name":"Methods in molecular biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Thin-Layer Chromatography.\",\"authors\":\"Georg Hölzl, Peter Dörmann\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Lipid extracts from plants represent a mixture of polar membrane lipids and nonpolar lipids. The main constituents of the polar lipid fraction are glycerolipids, that is, galactolipids, sulfolipid, and phospholipids. In addition, betaine lipids are found in pteridophytes, bryophytes, and algae. Nonpolar lipids include the storage lipid triacylglycerol, wax esters, diacylglycerol and free fatty acids. The complex lipid mixtures from plant tissues can be separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into different lipid classes. In most cases glass plates coated with a silica gel are used as stationary phase and an organic solvent as mobile phase. Different solvent systems are required to separate polar membrane lipids or nonpolar lipids by TLC. Depending on the complexity of the lipid mixture, lipids are separated using one- or two-dimensional TLC systems. Different dyes and reagents allow the visualization of all lipid classes, or the selective staining of glycolipids or phospholipids. Lipids can be isolated from the TLC plate for subsequent analysis, provided that nondestructive methods are used for visualization.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18490,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Methods in molecular biology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Methods in molecular biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_3\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Methods in molecular biology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipid extracts from plants represent a mixture of polar membrane lipids and nonpolar lipids. The main constituents of the polar lipid fraction are glycerolipids, that is, galactolipids, sulfolipid, and phospholipids. In addition, betaine lipids are found in pteridophytes, bryophytes, and algae. Nonpolar lipids include the storage lipid triacylglycerol, wax esters, diacylglycerol and free fatty acids. The complex lipid mixtures from plant tissues can be separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into different lipid classes. In most cases glass plates coated with a silica gel are used as stationary phase and an organic solvent as mobile phase. Different solvent systems are required to separate polar membrane lipids or nonpolar lipids by TLC. Depending on the complexity of the lipid mixture, lipids are separated using one- or two-dimensional TLC systems. Different dyes and reagents allow the visualization of all lipid classes, or the selective staining of glycolipids or phospholipids. Lipids can be isolated from the TLC plate for subsequent analysis, provided that nondestructive methods are used for visualization.
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