Completion Pneumonectomy for Second Primary/Primary Lung Cancer and Local Recurrence Lung Cancer.

Background: Completion pneumonectomy (CP) for second primary/primary lung cancer (SPLC) and local recurrence lung cancer (LRLC) is still controversial. Although several case series on such a practice exist, the oncological benefit is under debate. The purpose of this study was to review available literatures on CP for SPLC and LRLC and evaluate postoperative and long-term outcomes.

Methods: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were reviewed for eligible studies in January 2021. Studies were included if they indicated outcomes of patients with lung cancer undergoing CP. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints included operative morbidity and 30-day mortality. Random-effects meta-analysis based on a binomial distribution was used to create pooled estimates.

Results: Thirty-two eligible studies including 1157 patients were identified. These studies were uniformly retrospective reports. Pooled estimates for 3-year and 5-year OS were 50.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34.7%-66.5%) and 38.9% (95% CI, 32.2%-46.1%) in SPLC patients. When the SPLC was a stage I tumor, pooled 5-year OS was favorable with 60.7% (95% CI, 43.2%-75.9%). In LRLC, pooled 3-year and 5-year OS were 47.6% (95% CI, 36.1%-59.4%) and 33.8% (95% CI, 26.8%-41.5%), respectively. Pooled morbidity and 30-day mortality was reported in 38.2% (95% CI, 32.0%-44.9%), and 10.0% (95% CI, 8.1%-12.3%), respectively.

Conclusions: CP for SPLC and LRLC is a challenging procedure with significant perioperative morbimortality. However, published evidence indicates good long-term survival for selected patients. Further studies are needed to identify patient subgroups which benefit most from CP.