你没有肠道:一种不同种类的真菌通过巨白蚁的肠道存活下来。

IF 3.4 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Nick Bos, Leandro Guimaraes, Romen Palenzuela, Justinn Renelies-Hamilton, Lorrie Maccario, Simon Kolotchèlèma Silue, N 'golo Abdoulaye Koné, Michael Poulsen
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引用次数: 8

摘要

背景:单一栽培带来了重大的疾病挑战,但真菌栽培白蚁能够成功地使其单一栽培作物免受其他真菌的污染。据推测,所有用于给真菌共生体施肥的植物基质的专性肠道通道是实现这一目标的关键。在这里,我们以养殖真菌的白蚁Macrotermes bellicosus为例反驳了这一假设。结果:我们首先利用ITS扩增子测序表明,白蚁工蚁觅食的植物基质中含有多种真菌群落,这可能会挑战农业共生关系。随后,我们从白蚁内脏的解剖部分培养真菌,以证明真菌多样性在肠道通道中不会减少。因此,我们调查了健康的梳子是否含有这些不受欢迎的真菌属,以及工人的存在是否影响了梳子内真菌的多样性。工蚁的移除导致了蜂巢中真菌多样性的激增,这意味着白蚁的防御一定是白蚁花园中几乎完全没有其他真菌的原因。结论:当菌落受到损害时,一些真菌的快速增殖表明,一些拮抗剂成功地采用了坐等策略,使它们保持休眠状态,直到条件有利。尽管这一策略可能需要多年的等待,但它可以防止这些真菌与白蚁宿主进行进化军备竞赛,白蚁宿主采用了一系列互补的行为和化学防御,这些防御可能被证明是不可克服的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts.

You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts.

You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts.

You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts.

Background: Monoculture farming poses significant disease challenges, but fungus-farming termites are able to successfully keep their monoculture crop free from contamination by other fungi. It has been hypothesised that obligate gut passage of all plant substrate used to manure the fungal symbiont is key to accomplish this. Here we refute this hypothesis in the fungus-farming termite species Macrotermes bellicosus.

Results: We first used ITS amplicon sequencing to show that plant substrate foraged on by termite workers harbour diverse fungal communities, which potentially could challenge the farming symbiosis. Subsequently, we cultivated fungi from dissected sections of termite guts to show that fungal diversity does not decrease during gut passage. Therefore, we investigated if healthy combs harboured these undesirable fungal genera, and whether the presence of workers affected fungal diversity within combs. Removal of workers led to a surge in fungal diversity in combs, implying that termite defences must be responsible for the near-complete absence of other fungi in functioning termite gardens.

Conclusions: The rapid proliferation of some of these fungi when colonies are compromised indicates that some antagonists successfully employ a sit-and-wait strategy that allows them to remain dormant until conditions are favourable. Although this strategy requires potentially many years of waiting, it prevents these fungi from engaging in an evolutionary arms race with the termite host, which employs a series of complementary behavioural and chemical defences that may prove insurmountable.

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来源期刊
BMC Evolutionary Biology
BMC Evolutionary Biology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: BMC Evolutionary Biology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of molecular and non-molecular evolution of all organisms, as well as phylogenetics and palaeontology.
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