Jacqueline Tait-Mulder, Kelly Hodge, David Sumpton, Sara Zanivan, Alexei Vazquez
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The conversion of formate into purines stimulates mTORC1 leading to CAD-dependent activation of pyrimidine synthesis.
Background: Mitochondrial serine catabolism to formate induces a metabolic switch to a hypermetabolic state with high rates of glycolysis, purine synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis. While formate is a purine precursor, it is not clear how formate induces pyrimidine synthesis.
Methods: Here we combine phospho-proteome and metabolic profiling to determine how formate induces pyrimidine synthesis.
Results: We discover that formate induces phosphorylation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CAD), which is known to increase CAD enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, formate induces mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity as quantified by phosphorylation of its targets S6, 4E-BP1, S6K1 and CAD. Treatment with the allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin abrogates CAD phosphorylation and pyrimidine synthesis induced by formate. Furthermore, we show that the formate-dependent induction of mTOR signalling and CAD phosphorylation is dependent on an increase in purine synthesis.
Conclusions: We conclude that formate activates mTORC1 and induces pyrimidine synthesis via the mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of CAD.
期刊介绍:
Cancer & Metabolism welcomes studies on all aspects of the relationship between cancer and metabolism, including: -Molecular biology and genetics of cancer metabolism -Whole-body metabolism, including diabetes and obesity, in relation to cancer -Metabolomics in relation to cancer; -Metabolism-based imaging -Preclinical and clinical studies of metabolism-related cancer therapies.