海龟和鳄目动物(非鸟类古蜥目)进化多样化、隔离和威胁的系统发育和空间分布。

IF 3.4 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Timothy J Colston, Pallavi Kulkarni, Walter Jetz, R Alexander Pyron
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引用次数: 31

摘要

背景:海龟和鳄鱼的起源以及它们容易辨认的身体形态可以追溯到三叠纪和侏罗纪。尽管它们取得了长期的成功,但与其他陆生脊椎动物群体相比,现存物种多样性很低,濒危程度极高,25种鳄鱼和360种海龟中有65%受到开发和栖息地丧失的威胁。在这里,我们将现有的分子和形态学证据与统计和机器学习算法结合起来,对所有现存物种的多样性、威胁状态和进化独特性进行了系统发育上的全面评估。结果:与化石记录中其他陆生脊椎动物及其自身的多样性相比,最近存在的海龟和鳄鱼谱系没有经历过任何全球大灭绝或谱系范围内多样化率或体型进化的变化。我们预测了114种尚未评估或缺乏数据的物种的威胁状况,并确定了南亚和东南亚、西非和亚马逊东部受威胁的海龟和鳄鱼的集中。我们发现,与其他陆生脊椎动物不同,灭绝风险随着进化独特性的增加而增加:不成比例的系统发育多样性集中在进化上孤立的、处于危险的分类群中,特别是那些地理范围小的分类群。我们的研究结果强调了灭绝风险的地理决定因素的重要作用,特别是那些由人为生境干扰引起的因素,这些因素影响着物种的体型和生态。结论:现存的海龟和鳄鱼保持着独特的、保守的形态,这使它们在全球范围内得到了识别。由于开发和全球变化,许多物种受到威胁。我们使用分类学上完整的、过时的分子系统发育和各种方法来对这两个群体的威胁状态和进化独特性进行全面评估。这两个群体都没有在多样化率或体型进化方面表现出显著的总体变化,也没有在最近现存的谱系中出现任何全球大灭绝的迹象。然而,进化上最独特的物种往往是最受威胁的,物种丰富度和灭绝风险集中在高人为干扰地区,特别是南亚和东南亚。范围大小是威胁的最强预测器,不成比例的进化多样性正面临即将灭绝的危险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Phylogenetic and spatial distribution of evolutionary diversification, isolation, and threat in turtles and crocodilians (non-avian archosauromorphs).

Phylogenetic and spatial distribution of evolutionary diversification, isolation, and threat in turtles and crocodilians (non-avian archosauromorphs).

Phylogenetic and spatial distribution of evolutionary diversification, isolation, and threat in turtles and crocodilians (non-avian archosauromorphs).

Phylogenetic and spatial distribution of evolutionary diversification, isolation, and threat in turtles and crocodilians (non-avian archosauromorphs).

Background: The origin of turtles and crocodiles and their easily recognized body forms dates to the Triassic and Jurassic. Despite their long-term success, extant species diversity is low, and endangerment is extremely high compared to other terrestrial vertebrate groups, with ~ 65% of ~ 25 crocodilian and ~ 360 turtle species now threatened by exploitation and habitat loss. Here, we combine available molecular and morphological evidence with statistical and machine learning algorithms to present a phylogenetically informed, comprehensive assessment of diversification, threat status, and evolutionary distinctiveness of all extant species.

Results: In contrast to other terrestrial vertebrates and their own diversity in the fossil record, the recent extant lineages of turtles and crocodilians have not experienced any global mass extinctions or lineage-wide shifts in diversification rate or body-size evolution over time. We predict threat statuses for 114 as-yet unassessed or data-deficient species and identify a concentration of threatened turtles and crocodilians in South and Southeast Asia, western Africa, and the eastern Amazon. We find that unlike other terrestrial vertebrate groups, extinction risk increases with evolutionary distinctiveness: a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic diversity is concentrated in evolutionarily isolated, at-risk taxa, particularly those with small geographic ranges. Our findings highlight the important role of geographic determinants of extinction risk, particularly those resulting from anthropogenic habitat-disturbance, which affect species across body sizes and ecologies.

Conclusions: Extant turtles and crocodilians maintain unique, conserved morphologies which make them globally recognizable. Many species are threatened due to exploitation and global change. We use taxonomically complete, dated molecular phylogenies and various approaches to produce a comprehensive assessment of threat status and evolutionary distinctiveness of both groups. Neither group exhibits significant overall shifts in diversification rate or body-size evolution, or any signature of global mass extinctions in recent, extant lineages. However, the most evolutionarily distinct species tend to be the most threatened, and species richness and extinction risk are centered in areas of high anthropogenic disturbance, particularly South and Southeast Asia. Range size is the strongest predictor of threat, and a disproportionate amount of evolutionary diversity is at risk of imminent extinction.

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来源期刊
BMC Evolutionary Biology
BMC Evolutionary Biology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: BMC Evolutionary Biology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of molecular and non-molecular evolution of all organisms, as well as phylogenetics and palaeontology.
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