Metal–organic framework composites from a mechanochemical process

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) consist of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands such as imidazolate or carboxylate ligands. Owing to the high porosity and surface area of MOFs, researchers have applied MOFs as host matrixes for other functional materials to form MOF composites with improved stability and functionality. The current research focus is mainly on solution-based synthesis, such as infiltration synthesis and template synthesis. Mechanochemistry has not been explored much toward MOF composites. This review will discuss the current progress on mechanochemically synthesized MOF composites and their strengths and weaknesses as compared with the traditional solution-based methods. The review will also cover the importance of mechanochemistry and the fundamentals behind it, such as interfacial interaction and milling impact factors. Furthermore, the applications of mechanochemically synthesized composites are highlighted, including catalysis, adsorption, energy generation, and storage.