[Nanoparticle exposure in research laboratories.]

Summary: Aims. A growing number of workers are employed in research laboratories where nanomaterials (NMs) are synthesized, characterized, processed and investigated for their physico-chemical and toxicological properties. To adequately evaluate occupational risks in such contexts, a suitable exposure assessment is necessary. Methods. A critical review of the scientific and grey literature on NM exposure in laboratories has been performed. Results. The evaluation of the exposure, in general, includes a preliminary analysis of the working processes and of the features of NMs employed. Environmental and personal monitoring can be used for a quantitative assessment of the exposure, although the current uncertainties relating to the metrological parameters to be measured and the occupational exposure limits to be compared with collected data make the interpretation of the results and the definition of shared sampling strategies a challenging issue. Conclusions. To date, qualitative information on NM exposure can be used in "control banding" instruments useful for the precautionary assessment and management of risks in research laboratories involved with NMs. Future NM environmental and personal exposure assessments should be pursued to define appropriate monitoring strategies and guide the adoption of appropriate preventive measures to protect the health of workers.