肾元的形成-一个复杂的,脆弱的,并且在胎儿肾脏中对noxae损害肾形成的研究很少。

IF 2.4 Q1 PEDIATRICS
Will W Minuth
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引用次数: 8

摘要

背景:肾形成障碍是由诺科菌引起的,它们的分子组成有显著差异。这些可导致早产儿和低出生体重婴儿肾细胞发育的早期终止,从而导致少肾病。对于胎儿人肾,未见对早期肾元基质(如生态位、肾小管前聚集体、肾小泡或逗号形体)有负面影响的报道。相反,在随后形成的s形体和肾小球上发现了病理改变。非典型肾小球虽经过肾元成形过程,但其s型体和前期却很少受到关注。由于缺乏显微照片和对这一重要发育时期的解释,因此从显微解剖学的角度记录了妊娠后期胎儿肾脏肾元的形成。结果:肾元形成始于原始肾小泡,此时仍是肾小泡前聚集体的一部分。然后,在肾囊延伸期间,观察到复杂的分离。其远端极的内侧部分固定在集合管壶腹上,而其外侧部分通过祖细胞链与前管聚集体保持连接。当延伸的肾囊发育成逗号状体时,发生最后的分离。此后,内部上皮折叠产生小管和肾小球的原素。在内侧和外侧出现的裂缝表明s形体的不对称扩张。这导致近端肾小球的发育,而在中心和远端,它导致小管段的延长。结论:本研究涉及胎儿肾脏肾元的形成。在这个重要的发育阶段,肾元的定位、定向和折叠发生了。先前未知的形态学细节的展示支持了对肾发生损伤留下的痕迹的研究,使分子病理学的评估得以完善,并为延长肾发生的治疗概念的设计提供了输入。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Shaping of the nephron - a complex, vulnerable, and poorly explored backdrop for noxae impairing nephrogenesis in the fetal human kidney.

Shaping of the nephron - a complex, vulnerable, and poorly explored backdrop for noxae impairing nephrogenesis in the fetal human kidney.

Shaping of the nephron - a complex, vulnerable, and poorly explored backdrop for noxae impairing nephrogenesis in the fetal human kidney.

Shaping of the nephron - a complex, vulnerable, and poorly explored backdrop for noxae impairing nephrogenesis in the fetal human kidney.

Background: The impairment of nephrogenesis is caused by noxae, all of which are significantly different in molecular composition. These can cause an early termination of nephron development in preterm and low birth weight babies resulting in oligonephropathy. For the fetal human kidney, there was no negative effect reported on the early stages of nephron anlage such as the niche, pretubular aggregate, renal vesicle, or comma-shaped body. In contrast, pathological alterations were identified on subsequently developing S-shaped bodies and glomeruli. While the atypical glomeruli were closely analyzed, the S-shaped bodies and the pre-stages received little attention even though passing the process of nephron shaping. Since micrographs and an explanation about this substantial developmental period were missing, the shaping of the nephron in the fetal human kidney during the phase of late gestation was recorded from a microanatomical point of view.

Results: The nephron shaping starts with the primitive renal vesicle, which is still part of the pretubular aggregate at this point. Then, during extension of the renal vesicle, a complex separation is observed. The medial part of its distal pole is fixed on the collecting duct ampulla, while the lateral part remains connected with the pretubular aggregate via a progenitor cell strand. A final separation occurs, when the extended renal vesicle develops into the comma-shaped body. Henceforth, internal epithelial folding generates the tubule and glomerulus anlagen. Arising clefts at the medial and lateral aspect indicate an asymmetrical expansion of the S-shaped body. This leads to development of the glomerulus at the proximal pole, whereas in the center and at the distal pole, it results in elongation of the tubule segments.

Conclusions: The present investigation deals with the shaping of the nephron in the fetal human kidney. In this important developmental phase, the positioning, orientation, and folding of the nephron occur. The demonstration of previously unknown morphological details supports the search for traces left by the impairment of nephrogenesis, enables to refine the assessment in molecular pathology, and provides input for the design of therapeutic concepts prolonging nephrogenesis.

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