项目水平语境历史对儿童和成人词汇和语义判断的影响。

Yaling Hsiao, Megan Bird, Helen Norris, Ascensión Pagán, Kate Nation
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引用次数: 10

摘要

语义多样性量化了一个词所经历的上下文内容的相似性。四个实验考察了它对9 ~ 10岁儿童和成人词汇和语义判断的影响。在实验1的跨模态语义判断任务中,参与者判断视觉呈现的单词是否与音频定义相匹配。两组对语义多样性高的词的反应都较慢,这种效应受到任务要求的调节。实验2使用相同的项目,但在词汇决策任务中。儿童对多样性高的单词反应更快,但对成年人没有影响,未能重复之前的研究。实验3考察了可能的原因,实验4通过对两项大型研究的二次分析,检验了语义多样性对词汇决策的影响。总体而言,语义多样性对词汇决策的促进作用是显著的。我们的研究结果表明,语境经验影响随后的词汇加工,这与反映意义连续性和层次的语境诱导语义表征是一致的。这些层次是由语义多样性捕获的,反过来,这与任务需求相互作用,影响行为表现。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The influence of item-level contextual history on lexical and semantic judgments by children and adults.

Semantic diversity quantifies the similarity in the content of contexts a word has been experienced in. Four experiments investigated its effect on lexical and semantic judgments in 9- to 10-year-olds and adults. In Experiment 1, a cross-modal semantic judgment task, participants decided whether a visually presented word matched an audio definition. Both groups were slower to respond to words high in semantic diversity, and this effect was modulated by task demands. Experiment 2 used the same items but in a lexical-decision task. Children were faster to respond to words high in diversity but there was no effect in adults, failing to replicate previous work. Experiment 3 examined possible reasons for this, and Experiment 4 tested the effect of semantic diversity on lexical decision via secondary analysis of 2 large megastudies. Overall, the facilitative effect of semantic diversity on lexical decision was robust. Our findings show that contextual experience influences subsequent lexical processing, consistent with context inducing semantic representations that reflect continuities and gradations in meaning. These gradations are captured by semantic diversity, and in turn, this interacts with task demands to influence behavioral performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

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