海鸟寄生虫:影响和生态意义的调查。

3区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Advances in Marine Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-04-04 DOI:10.1016/bs.amb.2019.02.001
Junaid S Khan, Jennifer F Provencher, Mark R Forbes, Mark L Mallory, Camille Lebarbenchon, Karen D McCoy
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引用次数: 16

摘要

寄生虫在环境中无处不在,并可能对其宿主物种造成负面影响。重要的是,海鸟可以很长寿,并且在一个年度周期内跨越多个大陆,因此它们暴露于寄生虫的可能性比其他分类群要大。随着气候条件的变化预计会影响寄生虫的分布和丰度,了解当前的感染水平、传播途径和种群水平的影响是预测生态系统变化以及气候变化如何影响海鸟物种的重要方面。特别是,一系列微型和大型寄生虫可以影响海鸟物种,包括蜱虫、螨虫、蠕虫、病毒和细菌,包括海鸥、燕鸥、掠食者、贼鸥、海雀和某些phalaropes (Charadriiformes)、热带鸟类(Phaethontiformes)、企鹅(sphenisformes)、管鸟(procellariformes)、鸬鹚、军舰鸟、鲣鸟、塘鹅(Suliformes)、鹈鹕(pelecanformes)、海鸭和潜鸟(anseformes和Gaviiformes)。我们发现,在寄生性海鸟文献中,最具代表性的是Charadriiformes和Procellariiformes海鸟目。虽然据报道,与所有寄生虫群相关的海鸟都有负面影响,但大多数影响都是在成年鸟身上研究的,关于寄生虫如何影响雏鸟和雏鸟的信息知之甚少。我们发现,研究最常报道的是在繁殖季节对海鸟宿主的负面影响,尽管这也是大多数海鸟研究发生的时间。许多研究报告指出,寄主状况、污染和环境条件等外部因素可以影响寄生虫的作用,因此,累积效应可能在寄生虫如何在个体和种群水平上影响海鸟方面发挥重要作用。随着对寄生虫-宿主动态的进一步了解,很明显,主要的环境变化,通常与人类活动有关,可以直接或间接地影响寄生虫和病原体的分布、丰度或毒性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications.

Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications.

Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications.

Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications.

Parasites are ubiquitous in the environment, and can cause negative effects in their host species. Importantly, seabirds can be long-lived and cross multiple continents within a single annual cycle, thus their exposure to parasites may be greater than other taxa. With changing climatic conditions expected to influence parasite distribution and abundance, understanding current level of infection, transmission pathways and population-level impacts are integral aspects for predicting ecosystem changes, and how climate change will affect seabird species. In particular, a range of micro- and macro-parasites can affect seabird species, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses and bacteria in gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks and selected phalaropes (Charadriiformes), tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), tubenoses (Procellariiformes), cormorants, frigatebirds, boobies, gannets (Suliformes), and pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). We found that the seabird orders of Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes were most represented in the parasite-seabird literature. While negative effects were reported in seabirds associated with all the parasite groups, most effects have been studied in adults with less information known about how parasites may affect chicks and fledglings. We found studies most often reported on negative effects in seabird hosts during the breeding season, although this is also the time when most seabird research occurs. Many studies report that external factors such as condition of the host, pollution, and environmental conditions can influence the effects of parasites, thus cumulative effects likely play a large role in how parasites influence seabirds at both the individual and population level. With an increased understanding of parasite-host dynamics it is clear that major environmental changes, often those associated with human activities, can directly or indirectly affect the distribution, abundance, or virulence of parasites and pathogens.

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来源期刊
Advances in Marine Biology
Advances in Marine Biology MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Advances in Marine Biology was first published in 1963 under the founding editorship of Sir Frederick S. Russell, FRS. Now edited by Charles Sheppard, the serial publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics which will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology and biological oceanography. Eclectic volumes in the series are supplemented by thematic volumes on such topics as The Biology of Calanoid Copepods.
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