{"title":"自闭症谱系障碍儿童的心理理论缺陷与假装游戏表现有关，但与游戏无关","authors":"Ping-Chen Chan , Cheng-Te Chen , Hua Feng , Ya-Chen Lee , Kuan-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .158, <em>p</em> = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .175, <em>p</em> = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .075, <em>p</em> = .034), as well as the internal control (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .125, <em>p</em> = .006) and framing (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .071, <em>p</em> = .039) variables of playfulness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55049,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"28 ","pages":"Pages 43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","citationCount":"13","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Theory of Mind Deficit Is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but Not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder\",\"authors\":\"Ping-Chen Chan , Cheng-Te Chen , Hua Feng , Ya-Chen Lee , Kuan-Lin Chen\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objective/Background</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .158, <em>p</em> = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .175, <em>p</em> = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .075, <em>p</em> = .034), as well as the internal control (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .125, <em>p</em> = .006) and framing (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = .071, <em>p</em> = .039) variables of playfulness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55049,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy\",\"volume\":\"28 \",\"pages\":\"Pages 43-52\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2016-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.09.002\",\"citationCount\":\"13\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569186116300249\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"REHABILITATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569186116300249","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"REHABILITATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
摘要
目的/背景本研究旨在探讨自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的心理理论(ToM)与假装游戏和玩性的关系。方法对20例3 ~ 7.11岁的ASD儿童进行ToM测试，并将其分为自由游戏环境和假装游戏环境，分别采用儿童主动假装游戏评估法和游戏性测试法对儿童的假装游戏和游戏性进行评估。此外，还分别用儿童自闭症评定量表(CARS)和接受和表达词汇测试(第二版)对儿童的ASD症状严重程度和语言能力进行了评估。结果回归分析结果证实，ToM对模拟游戏变量“物体替换次数”(R2 = .158, p = .002)和“模仿动作次数”(R2 = .175, p = .001)有显著预测作用，但对“可玩性”无显著预测作用。CARS分数是模拟游戏中复杂模拟游戏动作百分比(R2 = 0.075, p = 0.034)以及游戏性的内部控制(R2 = 0.125, p = 0.006)和框架(R2 = 0.071, p = 0.039)变量的显著预测因子。结论这些发现支持了这样的观点，即具有较好ToM的ASD儿童可能能够发展更好的假装游戏，但不是更好的游戏性，这可能与他们的自闭症严重程度有更强的关系。
Theory of Mind Deficit Is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but Not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Objective/Background
This study aimed to examine the relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to both pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods
Twenty children with ASD aged between 3 years and 7.11 years were assessed with the ToM test, and then placed in a free play condition and a pretend play condition to assess pretend play and playfulness with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and Test of Playfulness, respectively. In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test—second edition, respectively.
Results
The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (R2 = .158, p = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (R2 = .175, p = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (R2 = .075, p = .034), as well as the internal control (R2 = .125, p = .006) and framing (R2 = .071, p = .039) variables of playfulness.
Conclusion
The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity.
期刊介绍：
The Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy is the official peer-reviewed open access publication of the Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association. The Journal aims to promote the development of theory and practice in occupational therapy (OT), and facilitate documentation and communication among educators, researchers and practitioners. It also works to advance availability, use, support and excellence of OT and maintain professional standards to promote better understanding of OT.
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