[Aging-related frailty and sarcopenia. Epidemiology of Frailty and Sarcopenia.]

Frailty and sarcopenia present significant risks for adverse outcomes such as disability, falls, and mortality in Japanese older adults. Among community-dwelling Japanese older adults, the prevalence of frailty, which was characterized using three or more limitations(shrinking, exhaustion, low activity, slowness, and weakness), was 5.2% and 12.0% in men and women, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia based on a diagnosis of low appendicular muscle mass, low grip strength, and low gait speed was 9.6% in men and 7.7% in women. Further, the prevalence of frailty with comorbidity of sarcopenia was 21.6% and 52.2% in men and women, respectively, and the prevalence of sarcopenia with comorbidity of frailty was 28.6% and 34.4% in men and women, respectively. The estimated number of prevalent cases of frailty, pre-frailty, and sarcopenia in Japanese older adults was approximately 3,090,000, 17,950,000, and 2,710,000, respectively.