Nicole D Harriott, John P Williams, Evan B Smith, Haig P Bozigian, Dimitri E Grigoriadis
{"title":"VMAT2抑制剂和Ingrezza (Valbenazine)通路。","authors":"Nicole D Harriott, John P Williams, Evan B Smith, Haig P Bozigian, Dimitri E Grigoriadis","doi":"10.1016/bs.pmch.2017.12.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dopaminergic system plays a key role in the central nervous system, regulating executive function, arousal, reward, and motor control. Dysregulation of this critical monoaminergic system has been associated with diseases of the central nervous system including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and addiction. Drugs that modify the dopaminergic system by modulating the activity of dopamine have been successful in demonstrating clinical efficacy by providing treatments for these diseases. Specifically, antipsychotics, both typical and atypical, while acting on a number of monoaminergic systems in the brain, primarily target the dopamine system via inhibition of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is an integral presynaptic protein that regulates the packaging and subsequent release of dopamine and other monoamines from neuronal vesicles into the synapse. Despite acting on opposing sides of the synapse, both antipsychotics and VMAT2 inhibitors act to decrease the activity of central dopaminergic systems. Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and thought to be a result of a hyperdopaminergic state precipitated by the use of antipsychotics. Valbenazine (NBI-98854), a novel compound that selectively inhibits VMAT2 through an active metabolite, has been developed for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and is the first drug approved for the treatment of this disorder. This chapter describes the process leading to the discovery of valbenazine, its pharmacological characteristics, along with preclinical and clinical evidence of its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20755,"journal":{"name":"Progress in medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.pmch.2017.12.002","citationCount":"15","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"VMAT2 Inhibitors and the Path to Ingrezza (Valbenazine).\",\"authors\":\"Nicole D Harriott, John P Williams, Evan B Smith, Haig P Bozigian, Dimitri E Grigoriadis\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/bs.pmch.2017.12.002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The dopaminergic system plays a key role in the central nervous system, regulating executive function, arousal, reward, and motor control. Dysregulation of this critical monoaminergic system has been associated with diseases of the central nervous system including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and addiction. Drugs that modify the dopaminergic system by modulating the activity of dopamine have been successful in demonstrating clinical efficacy by providing treatments for these diseases. Specifically, antipsychotics, both typical and atypical, while acting on a number of monoaminergic systems in the brain, primarily target the dopamine system via inhibition of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is an integral presynaptic protein that regulates the packaging and subsequent release of dopamine and other monoamines from neuronal vesicles into the synapse. Despite acting on opposing sides of the synapse, both antipsychotics and VMAT2 inhibitors act to decrease the activity of central dopaminergic systems. Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and thought to be a result of a hyperdopaminergic state precipitated by the use of antipsychotics. Valbenazine (NBI-98854), a novel compound that selectively inhibits VMAT2 through an active metabolite, has been developed for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and is the first drug approved for the treatment of this disorder. This chapter describes the process leading to the discovery of valbenazine, its pharmacological characteristics, along with preclinical and clinical evidence of its efficacy.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20755,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Progress in medicinal chemistry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.pmch.2017.12.002\",\"citationCount\":\"15\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Progress in medicinal chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmch.2017.12.002\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2018/3/7 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in medicinal chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmch.2017.12.002","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2018/3/7 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","Score":null,"Total":0}
VMAT2 Inhibitors and the Path to Ingrezza (Valbenazine).
The dopaminergic system plays a key role in the central nervous system, regulating executive function, arousal, reward, and motor control. Dysregulation of this critical monoaminergic system has been associated with diseases of the central nervous system including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and addiction. Drugs that modify the dopaminergic system by modulating the activity of dopamine have been successful in demonstrating clinical efficacy by providing treatments for these diseases. Specifically, antipsychotics, both typical and atypical, while acting on a number of monoaminergic systems in the brain, primarily target the dopamine system via inhibition of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is an integral presynaptic protein that regulates the packaging and subsequent release of dopamine and other monoamines from neuronal vesicles into the synapse. Despite acting on opposing sides of the synapse, both antipsychotics and VMAT2 inhibitors act to decrease the activity of central dopaminergic systems. Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and thought to be a result of a hyperdopaminergic state precipitated by the use of antipsychotics. Valbenazine (NBI-98854), a novel compound that selectively inhibits VMAT2 through an active metabolite, has been developed for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and is the first drug approved for the treatment of this disorder. This chapter describes the process leading to the discovery of valbenazine, its pharmacological characteristics, along with preclinical and clinical evidence of its efficacy.
期刊介绍:
This series has a long established reputation for excellent coverage of almost every facet of Medicinal Chemistry and is one of the most respected and instructive sources of information on the subject. The latest volume certifies to the continuing success of a unique series reflecting current progress in a broadly developing field of science.