{"title":"肾上腺皮质癌。","authors":"K Kranjčević","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare entity. However, it is the most common type of cancerous adrenal gland tumor with\npoor prognosis. Approximately 4 to 12 per 1 million people develop this type of tumor, which begins in the adrenal cortex.\nAdrenocortical carcinoma can occur at any age. Women tend to be diagnosed slightly more often than men. In most cases,\nthe cause of cancerous adrenal gland tumor remains unknown. However, people with certain hereditary conditions have a\nhigher risk. Adrenocortical carcinoma can be a functional or nonfunctional tumor. If the tumor is functional, it may produce\nhormones causing symptoms such as high blood pressure, low potassium level, heart palpitations, nervousness, feelings\nof anxiety or panic attacks, excessive perspiration, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, unexplained weight gain or weight loss,\nweakness, abdominal stretch marks, excessive hair growth, changes in genitalia, change in libido, etc. If the tumor is\nnonfunctional, symptoms occur because the tumor has grown so large that it exerts pressure on the nearby organs,\ncausing abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness. To diagnose adrenocortical carcinoma, in addition to thorough physical\nexamination, the following tests are used: blood and urine tests to help determine whether the tumor is functional or\nnonfunctional, and imaging tests (computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging). The treatment depends on\ncancer stage. Two major staging systems are used: the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system\nand the ENSAT (European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors) staging system. Both are based on the same TNM\ncategories. The main types of treatment for adrenal cancer are surgery (the main treatment), chemotherapy and targeted\ntherapy. Radiation therapy is not used often as the main initial treatment for adrenal cancer because the cancer cells are not\neasy to kill with x-rays. Radiation may be used as adjuvant therapy. By definition, adrenal incidentaloma is an asymptomatic\nadrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas\nare nonfunctional adrenocortical adenomas, but may also represent conditions requiring therapeutic intervention (e.g.,\nadrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma, or metastasis).</p>","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"[ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA].\",\"authors\":\"K Kranjčević\",\"doi\":\"\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare entity. However, it is the most common type of cancerous adrenal gland tumor with\\npoor prognosis. Approximately 4 to 12 per 1 million people develop this type of tumor, which begins in the adrenal cortex.\\nAdrenocortical carcinoma can occur at any age. Women tend to be diagnosed slightly more often than men. In most cases,\\nthe cause of cancerous adrenal gland tumor remains unknown. However, people with certain hereditary conditions have a\\nhigher risk. Adrenocortical carcinoma can be a functional or nonfunctional tumor. If the tumor is functional, it may produce\\nhormones causing symptoms such as high blood pressure, low potassium level, heart palpitations, nervousness, feelings\\nof anxiety or panic attacks, excessive perspiration, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, unexplained weight gain or weight loss,\\nweakness, abdominal stretch marks, excessive hair growth, changes in genitalia, change in libido, etc. If the tumor is\\nnonfunctional, symptoms occur because the tumor has grown so large that it exerts pressure on the nearby organs,\\ncausing abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness. To diagnose adrenocortical carcinoma, in addition to thorough physical\\nexamination, the following tests are used: blood and urine tests to help determine whether the tumor is functional or\\nnonfunctional, and imaging tests (computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging). The treatment depends on\\ncancer stage. Two major staging systems are used: the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system\\nand the ENSAT (European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors) staging system. Both are based on the same TNM\\ncategories. The main types of treatment for adrenal cancer are surgery (the main treatment), chemotherapy and targeted\\ntherapy. Radiation therapy is not used often as the main initial treatment for adrenal cancer because the cancer cells are not\\neasy to kill with x-rays. Radiation may be used as adjuvant therapy. By definition, adrenal incidentaloma is an asymptomatic\\nadrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas\\nare nonfunctional adrenocortical adenomas, but may also represent conditions requiring therapeutic intervention (e.g.,\\nadrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma, or metastasis).</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":35756,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Medica Croatica\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2016-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Medica Croatica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Medica Croatica","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare entity. However, it is the most common type of cancerous adrenal gland tumor with
poor prognosis. Approximately 4 to 12 per 1 million people develop this type of tumor, which begins in the adrenal cortex.
Adrenocortical carcinoma can occur at any age. Women tend to be diagnosed slightly more often than men. In most cases,
the cause of cancerous adrenal gland tumor remains unknown. However, people with certain hereditary conditions have a
higher risk. Adrenocortical carcinoma can be a functional or nonfunctional tumor. If the tumor is functional, it may produce
hormones causing symptoms such as high blood pressure, low potassium level, heart palpitations, nervousness, feelings
of anxiety or panic attacks, excessive perspiration, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, unexplained weight gain or weight loss,
weakness, abdominal stretch marks, excessive hair growth, changes in genitalia, change in libido, etc. If the tumor is
nonfunctional, symptoms occur because the tumor has grown so large that it exerts pressure on the nearby organs,
causing abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness. To diagnose adrenocortical carcinoma, in addition to thorough physical
examination, the following tests are used: blood and urine tests to help determine whether the tumor is functional or
nonfunctional, and imaging tests (computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging). The treatment depends on
cancer stage. Two major staging systems are used: the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system
and the ENSAT (European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors) staging system. Both are based on the same TNM
categories. The main types of treatment for adrenal cancer are surgery (the main treatment), chemotherapy and targeted
therapy. Radiation therapy is not used often as the main initial treatment for adrenal cancer because the cancer cells are not
easy to kill with x-rays. Radiation may be used as adjuvant therapy. By definition, adrenal incidentaloma is an asymptomatic
adrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas
are nonfunctional adrenocortical adenomas, but may also represent conditions requiring therapeutic intervention (e.g.,
adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma, or metastasis).
期刊介绍:
ACTA MEDICA CROATICA publishes original contributions to medical sciences, that have not been previously published. All manuscripts should be written in English.